Federal Government of the United States Essay

Introduction In the American political system Federalism is a basic Structural feature that has mostly generated a great deal of conflict throughout political history America. It involves the governments multiple layers with shared powers amongst them and the unique powers to varieties of the levels of the government (Wood Gordon, 1995). The most three important levels of American federalism are the federal or national government, the states, and the local governments (cities, counties, townships). In the world most of the political systems are unitary systems, but in the system of American it is system of divided government (Wood Gordon, 1995). In the history American Federalism it has evolved over the course. In the time at different points, the boundaries and balance between the state and national government have changed substantially. In the recent time, the main role of the national government dramatically expanded, and it always to expand in the twenty-first century. Provide three (3) examples of how federalism has evolved from its origins to the American political system in place today. In the American political system three examples of federalism that has evolved from its origins are federalism, unitary, and confederate. Federalism almost is a way of nations organizing so that two or more government levels will have formal authority over the people and same area.  In the Unitary system all the power resides in the central government in which most of the governments are today and confederate, most of the power is in the hands of it components and the national government is weak (Wood Gordon, 1995). Over the two centuries the federal system has changed and it’s why the American federalism system is at the center of important battles over the policy (John E. Finn, 2007). Mostly Federalism decentralizes our policies and politics. The powers of overlapping between the two levels government demonstrate the tension with national and states government over who should control the policy and power. Most of the American states are also policy innovators being responsible for new ideas, many reforms, and new policies that are why we stand by till today (John E. Finn, 2007). Examine three to five (3-5) factors that have allowed the concept of federalism to shape American political behavior. In federalism the political system respect to bureaucracy, based upon promoted enculturation of honor, democracy in government within the citizens, the political leaders, and the American society. By the awareness of the people the process increased and regularized by the liberty and civil rights. American citizens seek free will from the governments and Constitutional security of justice. In the American federal system the political parties free to have support conflicting political agenda, free will to voice out, ideas, and ideologies. While the liberals go with the democrats the group of conservative support the Republicans. The Democrats and Republicans represent the main political parties of American along with minor independent parties. The American governments cultivate federalism, by demanding of reforms the citizens of America also contribute in shaping up political changes. Although legislators look upon amendment of Constitution and creation of laws, the citizens have their voices heard and participate. In the whole time, the voting attitude of Americans demonstrated changes. For example, Solid South in the part of Southern states used to be solid supports of Democrats but it was politically divided over time (Maier, Pauline, 2010).In the maintain of consistency the Constitution of US obligate the state and federal governments. With the ruling of democratic, the American federal government also allows amendments of the Constitution as called by the political changes and condition. In the system of US  Constitution the State governments have powers to create and maintain policies but the federal government oversees any policy to ensure agreement. Some time the power conflicts of authority become foreseeable due to nationwide applicability of the Constitution of US. (Maier, Pauline, 2010). Discuss at least two (2) factors that illustrate how the relationship between the states and the U.S. federal government influences the creation of American policies overall. In making of policies of America, constitution amendments through popular vote of the people or state governments may seek ratification of the policy. Through congress the federal government may conclude if votes of American states will be needed on proposed amendments. Like the groups of special interest, state legislatures can also lobby the federal legislatures (Maier, Pauline, 2010). Federalism reflected in state judiciary systems and also reflected in national judiciary system. For example, the laws of state enforce driving safety and speed rules in conformity to policies of federal government to ensure not to lose the highway federal budget privileges (Maier, Pauline, 2010). The power of the State government are mainly geared on the dealings and working of the state but on the other side the power of federal government are mainly after the dealings of the nation in general so that that it may cover some states affairs. In the system of Constitution of US, the State governments have their own constitution but also it abide and obliged with the Constitution of US. Under the valuable concept of federalism system the state and federal governments work hand in hand for the USA (Maier, Pauline, 2010). References: 1. Wood, Gordon, (1995). The Republic of America, 1775-1786. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2. John E. Finn (2007). â€Å"Bill of Rights and Civil Liberties Part II: Lecture 5: The Constitutional and Court Interpretation†. The Teaching Company. pp. 51–60 3. Maier, Pauline (2010). Ratification : the Constitutional debate by the people 1787–1788. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 977-0-654-88844-76 p.22.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Essay

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was created by the Banking Act of 1933 in response to the banking crisis that faced the nation after the stock market crash on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929. Although the FDIC has grown and changed since then, its purpose is still the same – to guarantee the safety of bank deposits up to a certain amount. Until recently, that amount was $100,000 but Congress, in response to the current economic crisis has temporarily increased FDIC deposit insurance from $100,000 to $250,000 per depositor through December 31, 2009. (Who, n.d.) All of the banks that are members of the FDIC must adhere to certain liquidity and reserve requirements in order for the banks and their depositors to benefit from the insurance. (Overview, n.d.) If a bank becomes undercapitalized the FDIC issues a warning. If the undercapitalization worsens it can take other corrective measures which may ultimately result in the FDIC taking over management. All of this is meant to sustain the confidence of depositors so that there are no runs on the banks as so often happened in past history. The History of the FDIC To understand the importance of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in today’s economic market one must look to the history that led up to its establishment as part of the Banking Act of 1933. After the crash of the stock market in 1929 the United States fell into the longest economic depression in its history – from 1929 to 1939. Since loans that were made to stock market speculators were not being repaid after the crash, many banks failed and bank panics were commonplace. This led to their depositors’ losing money, which only served to fuel the depression further. The bank failures of the early 1930s were not the first in the history of the United States, but they were the most severe to date. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt saw the need to stem the tide of failures by enacting the Banking Act of 1933. Part of this act established the FDIC, gave it authority to regulate and insure banks, and the act also provided its funding. The purpose of the FDIC was to build the confidence of the American people in their banks and to assure them that their funds would be safe, at least up to a certain amount. (FDIC Timeline, n.d., 1930) This is still the general purpose of the FDIC, although much has changed since its birth in 1933. According to the FDIC website â€Å"since the start of FDIC insurance on January 1, 1934, no depositor has lost a single cent of insured funds as a result of a failure.† (Who, n.d.) When the FDIC was established in 1933 it was a temporary agency. But just two years later the Banking Act of 1935 made it a permanent agency. (FDIC Timeline, n.d., 1930) This was the first of many changes and adjustments to the FDIC over the years. The Federal Deposit Insurance Act of 1950 raised the insured amount to $10,000 and that amount has increased steadily until now, it is $250,000. The 1950 legislation also gave the FDIC â€Å"the authority to lend to any insured bank in danger of closing if the operation of the bank is essential to the local community, and authorized the FDIC to examine national and state member banks for their insurance risk.†Ã‚   (Important, n.d.) In 1989, in response to the savings and loan crisis gripping the nation, the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act (FIRREA) added two more functions to the FDIC, eliminating the Federal Savings & Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC). The FDIC was given the authority to oversee and administer two other insurance funds that replaced the FSLIC – the Savings Association Insurance Fund (SAIF) and the Bank Insurance Fund (BIF). (FDIC, n.d.) Still more powers were given to the FDIC by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act (FDICIA) of 1991. This act addressed issues that the FIRREA did not, giving the FDIC more authority as well as more obligations. The FDIC continued to grow both in funding and authority until it reached the status that it holds in our economy today. The Structure of the FDIC The FDIC of today is run by a five-member board of directors headed up by Chairman of the Board, Sheila C. Bair who has been in that post since she was sworn in on June 26, 2006. She will serve a five year term and at the expiration of that term, she will remain on the Board of Directors until 2013. Each Chairman of the Board is appointed by the President to serve a five-year term and each appointment is subject to the approval of the US Senate. (Barrymore, n.d.) Since the chairman is appointed by the President, she can also be removed by the President. The other members of the Board are the Vice Chairman Martin J. Gruenberg, Director Thomas J. Curry, Comptroller of the Currency John C. Dugan, and Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision John M. Reich. (Board, n.d.) The Board meets about once a month in either open or closed meetings. The public may attend open meetings as a result of the Government in the Sunshine Act. (FDIC Board Meetings, n.d.) In 2008 there were ten open meetings held. The FDIC has seven divisions. The Division of Finance directs the accounting and auditing aspects; the Division of Information Technology oversees and maintains the computer network of the organization; the Division of Administration provides administrative support; the Division of Supervision and Consumer Protection conducts reviews to assure that each bank is sound and that its internal controls are adequate; the Division of Resolutions and Receiverships goes into action when a bank is in danger of failing; the Legal Division handles the corporations litigation; and the Division of Insurance and Research keeps an eye on the economic health of the nation, examining business activity, markets, etc. (FDIC Divisions, n.d.) To run these seven divisions the FDIC employs about 5,000 people in its Washington, D.C. headquarters as well as in six regional offices and in field offices around the country. (Who, n.d.)

The Profitability of Advertising on Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Profitability of Advertising on Media - Essay Example Putting an advert on radio will also depend on the radio station used, time, and the length of the advert. For WHOU FM the prices of putting a 30 seconds advert during the morning hours is 50$ per advert. The price is relatively highly due to the fact that most people in the US usually listen to the radio during the morning hours as they drive or ride to their places of work. Therefore, a company is likely to get more audience during this period of time as opposed to other periods during the day such as mid morning and afternoon (Katz 123). However, it should be noted that the rates get high again during the evening because his is the time when people are riding back to their homes, thus getting a chance of listening to the radio again.Prices of magazines depend on whether on is using a national magazine or local ones. The type of readers also affects the pricing. For a company to put an advert on VOGUE, they will have to pay $250,000 if they want a full-page advert. The price is hig h because of the fact that VOGUE is a national magazine. Furthermore, VOGUE is a women’s fashion magazine meaning that many women are likely to read it. However, the type of product or service being advertised will highly determine whether advertising on this magazine will be worth the cost. This is because this magazine will only be read by women who are interested in knowing what things are happening in the world of fashion (Peitz and Valletti 952). An automobile advert might be out of place for this magazine.

SAM 451 UNIT 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 451 UNIT 6 - Assignment Example It is in this context that both these policies hold considerable significance in media interviewing for school-athletic teams. These policies also advocates the significance of conducting an informed interview with the athletic teams, after obtaining due permission from the concerned authoritative bodies. On a chronological note, the policy of obtaining formal consents from authoritative bodies can be argued as more time consuming than the second interview policy. Also, complexities arising during the obtainment of formal consents from the authoritative bodies and the coaches can be regarded as a setback of the policy measure. Accordingly, the policies of the school authority for different group of athletes may differ along with the different forms of reporting medium used in the interview process. For instance, some schools may allow a group of athletes to participate in television shows, while the other group might be only allowed to attend newspaper reporters and that too, in the presence of their coach. Hence, applicability of these policies differ from one another; although, the significance of either of these policies are unignorable (Bowl Championship Series, â€Å"Interview policies†; Helitzer). In comparison to the two interview policies selected, the policy of â€Å"Obtaining required permissions from the coaches of the teams and other authoritative bodies (if applicable)† can be considered as more preferable. It is fundamentally owing to the fact that this particular policy directs the effective completion of the interview process at every stage and also confirms integrity of the procedure, where the other interview policy of conveying the mode of interview and the medium of publication to the authoritative

Computer Communications & Networks Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Computer Communications & Networks - Lab Report Example What is a TCP/IP Model? Before discussing the communication in networks from the home computer to the X stream, we have to first discuss the TCP/IP model. As illustrated in the Figure 1.1, we can see the comparison of both OSI model and the TCP/IP model. The TCP/IP model is associated with Application layer, Transport layer, Internet Layer and Data link Layer. Likewise, application layer of the TCP/IP model is associated with protocols such as Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP) etc. The transport Layer is associated with protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP) etc. The Internet layer is associated with Internet Protocol (IP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and lastly, the data link layer that is also called the Network interface layer is associated with Ethernet, token ring etc. for accessing the X stream from a remote location, we will discuss the insights of these five layers of the TCP/IP model. Moreover, Figure 1 also illustrates the resemblance of each layer of TCP/IP to the OSI model. Figure 1 TCP/IP and OSI Model Image retrieved from: (Clarke, n.d) Figure 1.2, demonstrates the functionality of each layer in order to exchange data from the home computer and the X stream server. ... The network access layer than links the transmission to the required segment from the same layer as shown in Figure 1.2 Figure 1.2 Example demonstration via TCP/IP Model Protocol Layering Up till now we have discussed the TCP/IP model, protocols and functions associated with each layer. Protocol layering will demonstrate the functionality of each layer after another along with Protocol Data Units (PDU’s) and packet headers while connecting to the X stream from home computer. Considering the four layers of the TCP/IP model, we will discuss four PDU’s on each layer, as shown in Figure 2, the message initiates from the application layer four of the TCP/IP model. The four PDU’s are 1-PDU, 2-PDU, 3-PDU and 4-PDU. Figure 2 Image retrieved from (James F. Curose & Keith W. Ross, 2000) The layer 4 that is an application layer and considered as a high layer, constructs a message M that is composed of various parameters that needs to be tailored by the application criteria. Likewise, a typical packet may include parameters such as message type and associated data. The packet from the home computer is transmitted in the form of Message M to the third layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack, as shown in Figure 2. Likewise, layer three of the source (Home Computer) breaks the 4-PDU in to two separate parts as M1 and M2. Accordingly, the layer three of the source (Home Computer) integrates with the two separate parts M1 and M2 called as headers that contributes for constructing 3-PDU into two separate parts. Headers are associated with the information that is a requirement for the source and destination on the third layer for enabling services on layer four (James F. Curose & Keith W. Ross, 2000). Likewise, the development

FUTURE OF NEVADA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FUTURE OF NEVADA - Essay Example Las Vegas became a link to California and the Pacific. The blaze of the new trail started peeking off when railroads, dams and buildings were erected. One of Nevada's highlight is its early adherence on the concept of divorce being legislated during the 1900's. By the year 1931, the strict law was reduced only to six weeks to obtain a divorce paper. In the same year, Nevada started legalizing gambling. Subsequently, several casinos were instituted, owned by many famous and elite classes as well as some wealthy criminals. More profoundly, in the year 1967, Nevada had allowed held corporations to own casinos through legislative enactment. The industry of gambling had attracted many visitors each year, hence there is a need for luxurious accommodation. Hotels and motels were constructed to keep pace with every year's visitors and sojourners. Also residential buildings were erected for those who wanted to stay around in Las Vegas. Now Las Vegas turns into a fancy place, where everybody y ears for good fortune being sought by the gamblers. As years pass by, several casinos and gambling place was set forth in Las Vegas, as a result thereof, many visitors lush each year, many of them awe in the beautiful buildings and huge gambling sites promising for large penny. However, this event does not guarantee a bright future of Las Vegas.

HRM - Industrial relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

HRM - Industrial relationship - Essay Example The paper starts by explaining the meaning of employee relations then goes on to outline and evaluate the rationale behind the claim that partnerships are more important in the creation of fruitful employee relations. A conclusion summarising the main points discussed in the essay will be given at the end. In order to gain a clear understanding of the concept of employee relations, it is imperative to begin by explaining its meaning. â€Å"Employee Relations involves the body of work concerned with maintaining employer-employee relationships that contribute to satisfactory productivity, motivation, and morale.† This definition can be viewed from the following website . Basically, employee relations is mainly concerned with resolving problems or conflicts that may arise at workplace and the major aim is to improve the performance of the workers towards the attainment of the set organisational goals. The other aim of employee relations in the workplace is to correct any kind of misconduct where information is passed to the employees so that they will be better positioned to understand the goals of the management and the organisation as a whole. Employees are also advised about their rights and obligations and their participation as well as involvement in the decision making process is done through unions within different organisations. These unions would represent the grievances of the employees in a bid to create a conducive environment that will promote good employee relations. According to the to the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) as cited by the Learning and Teaching Support Network Guide (ND), employee involvement is ‘a range of processes designed to engage the support, understanding and optimum contribution of all employees in an organisation and their commitment to its objectives.’ This information can be viewed at . The members of the organisation are encouraged to play a part in making valuable contributions i n the decision making process of the organisation. This is believed to go a long way in fostering long term relationships between the employees and their employers for the betterment of the organisation as a whole. On the other hand, employee participation is defined as ‘a process of employee involvement designed to provide employees with the opportunity to influence and where appropriate, take part in decision making on matters which affect them.’ However, research has shown that the major difference in employee participation and involvement is that employee participation takes a pluralist approach while involvement is centred on individual concerns. In both cases, the management retains control and power of all the processes that may be involved in the decision making process. Whilst it is a noble idea to involve all the employees to participate in the decision m

The Most Pressing Environmental Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Most Pressing Environmental Problems - Essay Example For the last several years, ocean acidity has increased by about 30%. In the next century, scientists expect the acidity to increase by 150%. The acidification is a threat to sea creatures and can result in the extinction of some species (Harris 2012). Population increase is perhaps the most disturbing environmental issue. In the last 70 years, the world’s population has tripled placing stress on all other aspects of the environment. Forests occupy more than 30 percent of the land and play a significant role in cleansing carbon emissions. They are also home to wildlife and protect us from flooding and sandstorms. For the last century, deforestation has been on the rise, and its effects are profound. Cutting trees threaten wildlife and contribute to the greenhouse gas emissions. The last stress is climate change that arises from the adverse use of natural resources by man (Harris 2012). Business should help solve the problems by promoting environmental friendly production methods. They can, for example, minimize water usage to avail it for human consumption. Businesses in the industrial sector can treat wastes released into the oceans to prevent water pollution. To curb climate change, manufacturing companies can reduce their carbon dioxide emissions. In other words, putting regulations and the use of best practices in business operations can provide effective solutions to the environmental problems.

Public Perceptions and Mentality of the Society Essay

Public Perceptions and Mentality of the Society - Essay Example In Australia, the high-profile attacks of Indians in this country have become an international event and a highly sensationalized issue. In Sydney as well as in Melbourne, Indian students have been bashed and attacked due to their race and nationality. Most of the alleged perpetrators are youths or young adults. Many of the Indians attacked are foreign students coming to Australia to study and benefit from the higher education available in this country. It is estimated that foreign students studying in Australia account for more than $13 billion annually to the economy and Indian students comprise the second largest foreign student body. Higher education is Australia’s third largest export earner, ahead of wool, wheat, copper, tourism and even gold. Importantly, government figures estimate that fully 17.8% of all foreign students in Australia are Indian-born. International students represent the 3rd most lucrative export for this country and Australia can ill afford to lose th e international students who come here each and every year to pursue their studies. Recently, the Indian government has threatened to put out a travel advisory out against Australia thus restricting the flow of Indian students to this country. The high profile bashings raise many important questions for the general public, questions which increase in voracity around the national holiday, Australia Day. Is Australia a racist society? Can we deal with the ramifications of a multicultural society in the twenty-first century? These questions and much more are raised when high profile attacks by young people make headlines around the world (Marginson, 2006; Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008; (Soutphommasane, 2010).

Human Resource Management Project Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Management Project Essay Introduction Human Resource Management is defined as the policies, practices and systems that influence an employee’s behaviour, attitude, and performance in the attainment of organizational goals, and it is also a way of management that links people-related activities to the strategy of a business or organization. Now days, the human resource has an important function in the companies or organizations. The human resource provides significant support and advice to line management because many companies consider their human capital as their most important asset. The purpose of this report is to compare and contrast the human resource management between India and Canada. This report will describe the human rights, recruitment, selection, training and development, and health and safety of Indian companies, and research the role of human resource in the recruitment and selection processes of Indian companies, and finally compare and contrast them to Canadian human resources practices. Moreover, this report will also analyze the cultural differences between Canada and India. The report aims to find difference human resource management between Canada and India, and improve the human resource management system of Canada. Role of Human Resources in the Recruiting and Selection Human resource plays an instrumental role in helping their organization achieve its goals of becoming a socially and environmentally responsible firm. In India, there is large-scale unemployment with shortage of skilled labour, hence, the role of HR in recruiting will provide the necessary tools to maintain a positive competitive labour market. Clearly defined role of Human Resources in Recruitment process is very important for measuring the success of the whole Recruitment Process. The overall setting of the HR Role in Recruitment is directly linked to Recruitment Strategy and HR Strategy. [1] Human resource and hiring managers play a highly significant role for setting the correct measures and defining the potential gaps in the whole recruitment process. The role of Human Resources in India is increasing, from making the process working to the real management of HR Processes and the Recruitment Process was the first to manage. The Recruitment Strategy changed the efficiency and costs to the company were more important.[2] The role of HR in recruiting and selection process in India has following factors: 1) Decides about the design of the recruitment processes and to decide about the split of roles and responsibilities between Human Resources and Hiring Manager 2) Decides about the right profile of the candidate 3) Decides about the sources of candidates 4) Decides about the measures to be monitored to measure the success of the process The role of HR in Recruitment is very important to work on the development of the recruitment and selection process and to make the process very competitive on the market. Good recruitment and selection can make sure the organization has enough advantaged and appropriate employee and managers; in addition to that, it can lead to company work more efficiency. * Recruiting process has following steps: 1. Identify vacancy 2. Prepare job description and person specification 3. Advertising the vacancy 4. Managing the response 5. Short-listing 6. Arrange interviews 7. Conducting interview and decision making * Selection involves the following components: Reception, screening interview, application blank, selection test, selection interview, medical test, reference checks, and hiring decision. Chap: 3 Human Resource practice in India India is being widely recognised as one of the most exciting emerging economics in the world. Besides becoming a global hub of outsourcing, Indian firms are spreading their wings globally through mergers and acquisitions. During the first four months of 1997, Indian companies have bought 34 foreign companies for about U.S. $11 billion dollars. This impressive development has been due to a growth in inputs (capital and labour) as well as factor productivity. By the year 2020, India is expected to add about 250 million to its labour pool at the rate of about 18 million a year, which is more than the entire labour force of Germany. This so called ‘demographic dividend’ has drawn a new interest in the Human Resource concepts and practices in India.[6] In a general, if we look at the history of Human resource practice in recent years, we can see effect on the managerial history of India was to be provided by the British system of corporate organisation for 200 years. Clearly, the socio cultural roots of Indian heritage are diverse and have been drawn from multiple sources including ideas brought from other parts of the old world. In India, the Human resource management practice is in transition face it is learning new ideas from other parts of the world and also with growing population and growing multinational companies coming to India the work culture is continuously improving. One of the noteworthy features of the Indian workplace is demographic uniqueness. It is estimated that both China and India will have a population of 1.45 billion people by 2030; however, India will have a larger workforce than China. Indeed, it is likely India will have 986 million people of working age in 2030, which will probably be about 300 million more than in 2007. And by 2050, it is expected India will have 230 million more workers than China and about 500 million more than the United States of America (U.S.). It may be noted that half of India’s current population of 1.1 billion people are under of 25 years of age.[7] While this fact is a demographic dividend for the economy, it is also a danger sign for the country’s ability to create new jobs at an unprecedented rate. As he has been pointed out by Meredith. [8] Here are some key factors responsible for shift in HRM practice in India [9] Above figure presents the key drivers for contemporary Indian HRM trends. In Figure, there are four external spheres of intervention for HRM professionals and these spheres are integrated in a complex array within organisational settings. The intellectual sphere, which emphasises the mindset transaction in work organisations, has been significantly impacted by the forces of globalisation. The other three spheres, of figure, namely the emotional, the socio cultural and the managerial domains are undergoing, similar profound changes. Key HRM Practices in Indian Organisations: The above figure describes the general HRM practise in Public sector Organization. In private sector the HRM sector is not organized. In Private sector THE HRM practice depends on individual company basis. Company Profile: Infosys technology is a leading software company based in India which was established in 1981 and is listed in NASDAQ as a global consulting and IT services company with more than 122,000 employees. From a capital of US$ 250 they have grown to become a US$ 5.38 billion company with a market capitalization of approximately US$ 38 billion. In their journey of over 29 years they have catalyzed some of the major changes that have led to Indias emergence as the global destination for software services talent. [10] Recruitment Process: The Company uses different sources like Campus Interviews, advertisements in newspapers and applications received through the company website. Firstly, they do not have any distinction between any branch of Engineering, applicant from any branch can apply for the selection process but the only criteria is to meet the requirement of grades, the applicant should be very well qualified and should have high grades and the time gap which means if any of the applicant was rejected in the selection process then they can only apply after 9 months. The qualified candidates are shortlisted and are called for a written test. [11] Selection Process of choosing individuals with qualifications needed to fill jobs in an organization. The duration of the selection process in Infosys is 2.5 hours which includes filling in an application form, an Aptitude Test ( Analytical Thinking and Arithmetic Reasoning) and a test of Communicative English Language. The duration of the tests is 90 minutes and the Aptitude Test consists of puzzles type and the number of questions varies between 9 to 15. [12] Training and Development Infosys training, continuing education and career development programs are designed to ensure that the technology professional enhances their skill-sets in alignment to their respective goals. The following are the types of training provided by Infosys to their new recruits and employees. Technical Training by Education and Research Department Most of the new candidates that are hired complete 14 weeks of integrated on-the-job-training prior to being assigned to their business units. All these training are done in a total area of 1.44 million square feet in The Infosys Global Education Center in Mysore- India, which can train approximately 14,000 employees at a time. As of March 31, 2010 they employed 610 full-time employees as faculty which included 208 employees with doctorate or masters degrees. The faculty also conducts integrated training for the new employees. They also make employees to undergo certification programs each year to develop the skills relevant that are for their roles. [13] Personal Effectiveness and Managerial Programs The above program is to enhance the managerial capabilities and leadership abilities in order to have better customer satisfaction, achieve their organizational vision and to create high performing multicultural teams. [14] Performance Management Creating an equitable and inclusive work environment In 2008-09 Infosys were recognized for their efforts to promote a more inclusive work environment. They won the Corporate Award for Excellence in Gender Inclusivity instituted by the National Association for Software Companies (NASSCOM), India, for the second consecutive year. They also received the Helen Keller award which was instituted by the National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People, for the third consecutive year and they also won the ASTD Excellence in Practice Award for diversity training. [15] The Head -HRD, is the custodian of equal employment opportunity. The Diversity Office and the HR department are responsible for coordinating efforts in implementing and disseminating information regarding the company’s diversity agenda. Being an IT services company they do not have any business identified as having risk for incidents of forced or compulsory or child labour, therefore they foresee risk of child labour in their supply chain in India, and therefore controls it through the vendor selection process. Compensation and Benefits Infosys compensates its human assets in three ways by adding learning value through training and development and appraisal practices. Infosys also adds emotional value through initiatives directed towards supporting employees with their work and personal needs and they also adds financial value through monetary compensation which is neither above nor below the market level. Infosys was one of the first Indian companies to offer stock option plans to their employees. Benefits Infosys work-life policies reflect local requirements and regulations. The employees in India are eligible for paid maternity leave and paternity leave under the law which is referred as the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 under which pregnant women can take paid leave up to 14 weeks, first seven weeks before delivery and other seven weeks after delivery and the maximum payment is $441.6 per week before tax. They also have satellite offices for new mothers, telecommuting for employees on need basis, adoption leave, flexible work hours, part-time work policy, one-year childcare sabbatical policy and near-site day care facilities. Employees can apply for scholarships for their children who have excelled in academics, arts and culture. Infoscions can also apply for extended family healthcare coverage. [16] In addition to that they are also provide benefits such as statutory benefits as pension, medical insurance under Employee State Insurance Scheme which is an integrated measure of Social Insurance embodied in the Employees’ State Insurance Act and is designed to accomplish the task of protecting ‘employees’ against the hazards of sickness, maternity, disablement and death due to employment injury and to provide medical care to insured persons and their families. An employee covered under the scheme has to contribute 1.75% of the wages whereas, an employer contributes 4.75% of the wages payable to an employee. The total contribution in respect of an employee comes out to 6.50% of the wages payable. They are also offered loan program which was found attractive to the employees. Loans were taken for pursuing a degree program such as MBA, or to meet personal needs such as purchasing a car or a house. [17] Health and Safety The Health Assessment and Lifestyle Enrichment (HALE) program supports their healthcare policies at a global level. In Australia they have a unique practice of having a specialist available on call for ergonomics assessment in the work area. They also provide annual health checkups for all employees at their India-based locations. [18] Chap-4 Comparison and Contrast between HR practice of India and china In comparison between India and Canada India’s ranks higher in Uncertainty Avoidance Index than Canada which means Indian wants clear cut responsibilities and job description. India’s Power Distance rank is also higher than Canada which means that in India there is unequal distribution of wealth and power in the society. India and Canada are at the opposite ends in terms of Individualism, with Canada displaying much greater Individualism than the collectivist society of India. Canadians are more autonomous and self-control in the ability to make decisions and wants to work without direct supervisions, than Indian employees. Indian employees like to work more in tandem with their managers when setting personal goals than did Canadian employees. Indians are more forward thinking when planning actions and goals which found significant correlations between these differences in perceptions and differences in cultural characteristics which include power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and paternalism. Canadians scored lower on these traits than Indians. [19] Chap – 5 About Cultural differences and Implications to Professional Practice India is a country in conversion. History, society, economic and cultural factors strongly influence Indian Human Resource Management (HRM) and mindset. The dynamic changes taking place in India, and their consequent influence and reflection in Indian HRM, the following factors provide essential background and context about key aspects of the Indian: language, geography and generational differences. Following the strong influence of the society cultural context in India does not always allow the applicability of Western management and organization theories. [3] Pawan S. Budhawar, the Indian management scholar, he emphasizes that â€Å"to a great extent, this is a core issue for Western firms operating in the Indian context and sends a clear message to researchers in the field. The intention of both HR practitioners and researchers should be to continuously develop, test and re-test constructs suitable for conducting research and develop relevant practice in the Indian context.† [4] With the challenge of mixing Western management practices with Eastern management traditions, we have to understand the Indian HRM context and its related influence on mindset is a necessity for both Indian and Western organizations. In a typical leadership development project, here is an assumption about: First, there are more qualified candidates than available leadership positions (could be internally or externally. Second, turnover of employees identified as ‘key talent† will not increase. Third, employees who are not identified as â€Å"k ey talent† will accept that the assessment process is fair. Indian human resource management will continue to evolve, and it will continue to be important characteristic of growth and sustainability. Chap – 6 Other relevant topics Generally speaking, In the process of recruiting, training management, the performance of India and Canada is similar. They use similar strategies for select right employees, like internal and external recruitment. Using skills tests and talent questions helping employers find a best person for the job. On the other hand, there are some obvious differences. Firstly, in Canada, there are a lots of policies (Provincial and territorial human rights legislation, Canada Human Rights Act) implemented by federal or national governments to protect the rights of employees, like policies about minimum wage employer must pay to workers, sexual orientation, marital status, and maximum work time. Besides that, when the rights of employees was ruined, employees can complain with some constitution including The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Citizenship Commission. On the other hand, the policies protecting employees are scary. Employees look for job by individual, and the salary and benefits paid to employees is determined by employers. Because India in a labour intensive country. The price is cheaper than Canada obviously. In addition, India do not have policies about minimum wage. The codes protecting the rights of women and young are in little quantities. Which is more, compared with Canada. It is harder for employees in India sue the company which exploits them. For instance Even though India is a labour intensive country, because of high growth of developing, it is not a big problem to find a job in their own country. A lot of jobs are created because of the increasing of market demands. Since Canada is multicultural country. You can find people from Australia, Asia and Europe. They are seeking jobs in Canada. Apart from this Canada is a secular Country. So Canada has a lot of policies about avoiding discrimination like religion, race and color. Conclusion: By analyzing and studying various reports and research paper we can say that there is vast difference between the HR practice between India and Canada. The rules and regulation regarding Human resource management are quite similar in both countries. The government of both Countries has made clear rules and regulations, but in India there is lack of implementation of the rules. Various research paper also indicates that the HRM is in transition phase, due to globalization the global practice becoming more and more familiar to Indian corporate groups. The study also suggests that there is socio-cultural influence on HRM practice in India. India has to go far to reach global HRM practice, but it is also showing good positive changes in terms of positive HRM policy guideline and support from government. Bibliography: 1. http://hrguide.applezoom.com/2007/09/hr-role-in-recruitment 2. (http://hrguide.applezoom.com/2007/09/hr-role-in-recruitment 3. http://www.shrm.org/Research/Articles/Articles/Documents/ 4. Budhwar, P. S. (2009). Challenges Facing Indian HRM And the Way Forward. In P. S. Budhwar J. Bhatnagar (Eds.), the Changing Faces of People Management in India (pp. 289-300). New York: Routledge. 5. Adapted from Towers Perrin. (2008). 2007-2008 Towers Perrin global workforce study. Retrieved August 26, 2009, www.towersperrin.com 6. http://rphrm.curtin.edu.au/2007/issue2/india.html 7. Chatterjee, S.R. (2006). Human resource management in India. In A. Nankervis, Chatterjee, S.R. J. Coffey (Eds.), Perspectives of human resource management in the Asia Pacific (41-62). Pearson Prentice Hall: Malaysia. 8. Meredith, R. (2007). The elephant and the dragon: The rise of India and China and what it means for all of us. New York: W.W.Norton Co. 9. http://rphrm.curtin.edu.au/2007/issue2/india.html 10. http://www.infosys.com/about/who-we-are/Pages/history.aspx 11. http://www.ittestpapers.com/articles/-infosys-selection-procedure.html 12. http://www.infosys.com/investors/reports-filings/annual-report/annual/Documents/Infosys-AR-08.pdf 13.

Origin And Importance Of Rattan Weaving Cultural Studies Essay

Origin And Importance Of Rattan Weaving Cultural Studies Essay A traditional mode of occupation to some of our local people. Mostly the weavers are blind people which had been trained by Ministry of Welfare to give this people a chance to earn and make living with this job. It is also one of Terengganu famous craft that can be bought as a souvenir or can be use in a daily work. Its is one way of diversifying the handicraft products and develop this family business into a more systematic industry producing long term, high standard quality products, that are able to penetrate the tourist and commercial markets. Mengkuang (screw pine leaves) or pandanus weaving is one of the traditional arts still very much alive and its products are still in demand. The Mengkuang and pandan leaves are found abundance in the local jungles. The leaves are first cut in long strips and dried in the sun. Once dried, it is boiled and dyed with vegetable colours. Still using the traditional weaving techniques, the mengkuang or pandan leaves are coiled, plaited, twined and woven to create beautifully products such as mats, conical food covers, grocery bags, hand fans, baskets, tissue decorative boxes, hats, handbags, slippers, purses and pencil cases. The potential of Mengkuang/pandan has been tapped into and creating increasing demands by tourists and locals. The Mengkuang/pandan finished products are widely available at the Central Market and souvenir shops. Wau Making Wau (pronounce as wow) can appear in all shapes and size but the most popular and famous kite is the moon kite (Wau Bulan) and cat kite (Wau Kucing) in the east coast. Kite making requires patience and tremendous skill. Bamboo will be cut and make into the frame or skeleton of the kite. The best time to cut the bamboo is in November or December and this will be kept for 10 months before it is split and soaked in water followed by heated to straighten and toughen. On the other hand, designs are traced on a tinted and shiny glazed paper and then carefully cut out and pasted on paper which is glued to the bamboo skeleton. The designs are normally flowers with vines which signifies women (flower) and man (vine), eg. if the flowers are in bud form, it symbolizes a young woman etc. In some older designs, flowers were drawn from the side and back to represent the shy and reserved personality of female in those days whereas for the vines, the more meandering the vines, the more twists and turns in a mans life. There are also waus that are made using the batik technique or painted by batik artists and the designs are always more creative and less formalized by tradition. It is never an easy job to fly a Wau kite into the sky. A traditional Wau can be as big as 3.5m in height and 2.5 m wing span and usually needs the help of a group of person to bring it to the sky. To choose a good kite, you should look at the harmonious colours matched and the flowers as well as the vines drawn which represent the inner state of the kite maker. In a windy day, a Wau can fly up to 450m into the sky. Batik Hand drawn batik is an exquisite and delicate art which requires skill, patience, meticulousness, flair and creativity. Batik is intrinsic to the fashion world, be it in cotton or silk or in the making of sarongs, scarf, pareos, shirts, shorts, handbags, purses and even shoes.  Terengganu batik shows originality and is not commercialised thus, retaining its price for the quality of the material and the elegance of the designs. A special wax is mixed with amber and boiled over a slow fire to maintain the optimum temperature. On white cotton or silk fabrics, a special copper chanting pen dipped with the wax.  The designs reflect nature-based motifs such as floral prints and marine life to produce a freestyle handrawn motifs. Each drawings are different. Another method is by using either tin, copper or brass block print stamped with flowers or abstract designs. They are first dipped into the wax and then used to print the designs on the white fabrics. Colours will be added after the wax had dried. Different colours can be added without spreading onto other parts as the wax creates sections within the designs. The fabrics will then dipped in boiling water to wash off the wax and to strengthen the colours before the batik can be made into different products. The elegant prints stand out on mens shirts and womens dresses. Batik souvenirs include pareos, scarfs, wall panels, neckties, handbags, purses and shoes. Contemporary batik designs are also being introduced as designer wear, to alleviate batik to exclusive international standards. Batiks are available at various shops especially at the central market. Watch out though for low quality batik sold at exorbitant price. The colours are easily come off, usually on the first wash. Buying at an established batik shops therefore guarantees the quality of the products. Songket The origins of the many different colourful and traditional textile are lost in antiquity. The art of songket weaving consist of using traditional heirloom to make intricate songket brocade through painstaking weaving with gold or silver threads. Songket is a rich fabric that is worn only on auspicious occasions and used to be the textiles of royalty. It is now the headgear of Sultans, Chief Ministers and the States Cabinet members. The weaving process usually takes a few days for normal and simple designs songket cloth but for more intricate designs, usually takes more than two weeks and can costs thousands of Malaysian Ringgit. Several shops in Kuala Terengganu sell this regal fabric that comes in an array of both vibrant and pastel shades. The elegant and exquisite songket is slowly being introduced into the international fashion scene by adapting it to a more contemporary style. Wood Carving Wood carving was originally found in houses of sulatans or Malay nobility as part of their interior decoration and the craftsmen were commissioned for their services. Because human depiction is prohibited in Islam, Malay wood carving gets its inspiration from flora, animal motif and Islamic art but this has never influence its finest artistically designs. Terengganu wood carving not only found in the beams, doorways, window shutters of a house, but also in the traditional boat making industry and some furniture items such as sofa, bed frame and mirror frame and as small as a jewelry box. Brassware The people in Terengganu are well known for their creativeness. A simple item will turn into a most exquisite and delicate article by their hands. Brassware is generally a cottage activity. It is very usual that the son will learn the skill and trading strategy from his father whom had also learned from his father and later brings forth to the next generations. Regardless whether it is from silver, wood or pewter, brassware like vases, ashtrays, jugs, candle stands, napkin holders, filigree jewellery, incense burners etc are turned into a piece of fine and presentable art and at the same time with practical usage. This is why brassware is always one of the ideal surveniors that one can bring home. It is believed that the skills were taught to the local folk by Chinese settlers from Funan. The lost-wax method is usually employed, though sandcasting is also used. At the Central Market, or Pasar Payang, located by the Terengganu river, brassware is sold amongst many other enticements. Keris Making This double edged wavy blade dagger is the synonymous with the Malay culture and way of life. In the ancient time, a man walks without a keris was akin to walking around in naked. In those days, keris was always believed to be endowed with mystical powers and guardian spirit, this makes it serves the function as weapon to defend oneself in a combat and to use for medicinal purposes. There are handful of Malay legendaries about keris. The famous among these will be the keris of Hang Tuah who is the Malay hero during the Sultanate of Melaka. Hang Tuahs keris, Taming Sari was presented by the King of Majapahit to Sultan of Melaka after Hang Tuah won in a challenge. This keris was believed to have endowed with powerful spirit. Whoever possesses this keris would attain invulnerability. There was a story saying that Hang Tuah killed his childhood friend, Hang Jebat because of being disloyal to the Sultan with this Taming Sari. He was very ashamed to have killed his own childhood friend in the name of loyalty, therefore he then returned the keris to the Sultan. There is always romance and adventure and nobility in a keris. Because of being so precious, keris is always highly valued and treated with special care. Keris has two kind of shapes: keris lurus (straight keris) and keris luk (meandering keris). Empu, the keris maker will make the dagger accordance with the wish of consumer. Whether straight or luk, this will only be done during which the nickel inserted iron rod is repeatedly being forged and smoldered. The fluid design of the blade makes the keris stand out as a unique dagger-like weapon. Its ornate carved handle also provides for a strong grip. It is no wonder that the keris is one of the oldest of personal weapons. Made from the combination of eight to ten different metals, the spiritual qualities of the keris are known to include the spirits of warriors. Some myths even warn that certain lethal daggers should never be simply removed from their sheaths for their blades must taste blood before being inserted again. Keris making is considered as a dying art in Malaysia, however visit to the keris making centre in Kampung Pasir Panjang and Kampung Ladang Titian in Kuala Terengganu is still worth. Here you can see how a piece of raw iron is to turn into this significance and meaning rich weapon. You can also purchase you own piece of keris collection with relatively cheap price. Beaded necklaces The Rungus, the natives of the Kudat area, have long been known to produce beautiful beaded necklaces; they wear long, broad multi-stranded pinakol crossed over their shoulders over their traditional black costumes interwoven with gold thread. Patterns on the strands tell of ancient fables, and human figures are picked out in bright hues in the beadwork. Ever-enterprising, the Rungus today produce bangles, earrings and even brooches to go with the necklaces. Parang The parang is still crafted in traditional ways by the Bajau from Kota Belud. The ones made by them these days are usually from scrap iron, which goes though a process of melting, pounding, shaping and finally polishing. The blades are straight and tapered, from a sharp tip widening up towards the hilt. Some may have patterns etched into the metal along the topside. The hilt and sheath are carved from of wood, and occasionally one can come across an antique parang with a wonderfully carved hilt of horn. In days gone by, the parang was used as a weapon as well as a work tool, but these days it is mainly a decorative item for display.    Tudung Duang Tudung Duang is the local name for a food cover: in the tropics, like in Sabah, food on the table has to be protected from insects and dust. One is instantly attracted to them because of their bright colours, especially when they are laid out on pandan (screw pine leaf) mats in high piles, like at the Kota Belud Tamu grounds on the weekly Sunday Market (tamu). Native hat By the shape of a native hat, and its patterns, one can immediately identify the wearer to which ethnic entity he or she belongs. Most hats here are steeply conical and have nature-derived designs on them. Murut hats woven from the strips of sombituon bamboo are hexagonal in shape with a three-bands patterned weaving. Hats from Penampang and Tuaran have wider, circular bases with geometrical designs. All these hats are crafted from bamboo and rattan strips, and the red and black colours used to be natural dyes red from the mengkudu root, or dragons blood which is obtained from the fruit of a climbing rattan, and black from the leaves and stalks of the indigo plant. The Murut from the Nabawan area are now reproducing their hats in scaled-down sizes, showing their skill and craftsmanship in the extremely delicate weaving. Lipa-lipa Bajau sailboats, the lipa-lipa, carved from wood, and blowpipes used by Murut on hunting trips are available in many handicraft shops. The tambu-tambu wood is the main wood used in making the lipa-lipa, apart from mata-mata and gangil. A traditional lipa-lipa is elaborately carved. The designs are based on the motifs of plants, namely the kembang tuli or dahan and kellong. The blowpipe, or sumpitan, can be made of bamboo or hardwood. In the latter case the central duct has been drilled through in a long, manual process. Pottery Pottery has a long tradition in Sabah, and ancient Chinese jars, or tajau, were once even used to bury the dead. The Murut especially cherish and value their heirloom jars, in which they still ferment tapai their traditional rice wine. If you visit some of the antique shops in KKs major shopping malls you might come across nice Ming Dynasty vases; better still, you admire antique jars that are kept in the houses of the locals (like in the picture left). On the way to Tuaran, there are several potteries manufacturing nice vases and plates, as well as other household items made from clay. Kain dastar Rinago There are over 32 different ethnic entities in Sabah, and all of them have their own, sometimes specialised handicraft. Many more traditional items appeal to visitors to Sabah, such as the richly woven kain dastar, a piece of fabric used as headgear by the men of certain ethnic communities such as the Kadazan and Dusun; and the rinago trays and boxes made of rattan and lingkong, a type of fern that produces long, very tough strands ideal for weaving. The latter is made by the Rungus people. Silverware The Malay Kelantanese are well known for their Silverware making skills. These skills have been around for centuries, influenced by the Hindu and Islamic Civilization famous for well crafted items from gold and copper. Copperwork This is a skilled handiwork still flourishing in Terengganu. Traditional techniques are still being used in most processes though machines have been introduced to replace some processes. Copperware products include tepak sireh, candle holders, wedding gift trays, ember holder, pahar and others. Ceramic Ceramic art is a craftwork using high quality clay that is kneaded, decorated with a variety of motif, and fire-dried in kilns to produce fine ceramic products. Bead The indigenous people of Sarawak have since long ago been associated with beadwork for adornment as well as for ceremonial purposes. Here, beads tradition goes back to the very remote past. The variety of beads, the materials from which they are made , their colours and the values attributed, all make up an interesting conversation and discussion. Beads, today, are used in many different ways and one can see government officials using them as gifts and garlands for different functions and events as well. Pua Kumbu Pua Kumbu is a traditional patterned multicolored ceremonial cotton cloth used by the Iban, made and used in Sarawak, Malaysia. Pua kumbu are woven by Dayak women and are considered to be sacred objects. They are used for lifecycle rituals and special events including the birth of a child, coming of age celebrations, receipt of an important item to a longhouse, and to screen a corpse that is being laid out in a longhouse prior to burial. Labu sayong Labu Sayong is a black-coloured gourd-shaped clay jar typically used to store and cool water. The state of Perak is renowned for this type of pottery. Belanga Found in many rural Malaysian homes, The belanga  is often  characterised by a round base and wide rim. It is often used to cook curries, as it is believed that its round base allows heat to be distributed more evenly. Terenang This angular-shaped jar is popularly used for storing water in the states of Pahang and Terengganu. It has a concave neck and a convex body. Tekat The art of embroidering golden thread onto a base material, generally velvet, was traditionally used to decorate traditional Malay weddings regalia. Kerongsang A three-piece brooch set traditionally used to pin the lapels of the baju kebaya together. Kerongsang usually comes in sets of three. The typical three-piece set comprises of a kerongsang ibu (mother piece) which is larger and heavier. The other two are called the kerongsang anak (child pieces) and are worn below the kerongsang ibu. Cucuk Sanggul A traditional hairpin used to secure hair in a bun at the back of womens heads. Typically made of gold or silver, these hairpins are normally worn in graduated sets of three, five or seven by brides and traditional dancers. Pending A large, intricately ornamented belt buckle worn around the sampin, a skirt-like cloth worn by men, to complement their baju melayu, the traditional attire for men. Traditionally, the pending is a sign of wealth and status for men.

Communities of Lantern Yard and Raveloes Influence on the Development

Communities of Lantern Yard and Raveloe's Influence on the Development of Silas Marner's Character Silas Marner, "The Weaver of Raveloe" was, in my opinion, greatly influenced by the two communities in which he spent his life. The first, Lantern Yarn was a religious community that is going through a period of industrialisation during the novel, whereas Raveloe, where we remain for the large part of the novel, has not yet felt the industrial revolution and is the countryside of community and society. It is ironic that the two communities were so different yet they both drove Silas to turn inward (though the influence of certain Raveloe citizens eventually made him turn outwards again). In George Eliot's novel, we learn a lot about community and we can see a clear definition of what this means. In Lantern Yard, the community shares its potent Christian beliefs while Raveloe habitants all share a love for social behaviour and share an understanding of a clear class system. While both groups of people (Lantern Yard and Raveloe) are very different, they both show us that a community is the people of an area who share their origins, beliefs and/or interests. In Lantern Yard, Silas was a highly regarded, prominent member of the community. He was well educated and it was in Lantern Yard that he started to turn away from the knowledge of medicinal herbs that his mother had taught him. In Lantern Yard, Silas was extremely trusting and open. We also see early on in the novel that Silas had a clear ability to love. A religious man, he found enjoyment in the debate of religious matters and he fell in love with a woman named Sarah. He was, however, betrayed by his best friend William Dane (Waif) and brought to a... ...harp contrasts with chapter twenty-one. Eliot also uses colours to create a more vivid image for the reader, one you can almost feel yourself being part of and while Lantern Yard is, to Eppie at least a "dark, ugly place" and "worse than the workhouse" Raveloe remains light, friendly and ""a pretty home"." In conclusion, Silas Marner's character was greatly influenced by the two communities in which he spent his life. Firstly, Lantern Yard, his original home, caused him to turn inward and forced him to enter into a downward spiral, something from which he was eventually lifted by the Raveloe community. While Raveloe did, at first allow him to carry on in isolation, the community eventually changed his character, and aided him in the path to self discovery as he subconsciously endeavoured to learn to trust again, learn to love again and how to be loved. Communities of Lantern Yard and Raveloe's Influence on the Development Communities of Lantern Yard and Raveloe's Influence on the Development of Silas Marner's Character Silas Marner, "The Weaver of Raveloe" was, in my opinion, greatly influenced by the two communities in which he spent his life. The first, Lantern Yarn was a religious community that is going through a period of industrialisation during the novel, whereas Raveloe, where we remain for the large part of the novel, has not yet felt the industrial revolution and is the countryside of community and society. It is ironic that the two communities were so different yet they both drove Silas to turn inward (though the influence of certain Raveloe citizens eventually made him turn outwards again). In George Eliot's novel, we learn a lot about community and we can see a clear definition of what this means. In Lantern Yard, the community shares its potent Christian beliefs while Raveloe habitants all share a love for social behaviour and share an understanding of a clear class system. While both groups of people (Lantern Yard and Raveloe) are very different, they both show us that a community is the people of an area who share their origins, beliefs and/or interests. In Lantern Yard, Silas was a highly regarded, prominent member of the community. He was well educated and it was in Lantern Yard that he started to turn away from the knowledge of medicinal herbs that his mother had taught him. In Lantern Yard, Silas was extremely trusting and open. We also see early on in the novel that Silas had a clear ability to love. A religious man, he found enjoyment in the debate of religious matters and he fell in love with a woman named Sarah. He was, however, betrayed by his best friend William Dane (Waif) and brought to a... ...harp contrasts with chapter twenty-one. Eliot also uses colours to create a more vivid image for the reader, one you can almost feel yourself being part of and while Lantern Yard is, to Eppie at least a "dark, ugly place" and "worse than the workhouse" Raveloe remains light, friendly and ""a pretty home"." In conclusion, Silas Marner's character was greatly influenced by the two communities in which he spent his life. Firstly, Lantern Yard, his original home, caused him to turn inward and forced him to enter into a downward spiral, something from which he was eventually lifted by the Raveloe community. While Raveloe did, at first allow him to carry on in isolation, the community eventually changed his character, and aided him in the path to self discovery as he subconsciously endeavoured to learn to trust again, learn to love again and how to be loved.

Vince Lombardi - Winning is the Only Thing That Matters :: essays research papers fc

Vince Lombardi’s statement that â€Å"winning is the only thing that matters in sport†, is one of the truths that are inherent in the world of sports. Athletes are willing to cheat to guarantee success, either through the use of performance-enhancing drugs, or through the act of injuring others. Lombardi’s statement not only applies to athletes, but it also applies to countries that athletes are representing. Events such as the Olympics and the World Cup of Hockey are a source of national pride and some countries are willing to try anything to bring a little prestige back, while other athletes, who are representing their country will resort to unethical tactics. Judges and officials are bribed in order to win events. Lombardi’s statement also affects coaches, owners, and managers. They too place winning as their number one concern. Fair play generally takes a back seat to the desire for winning that some will bend rules, while others will outright cheat. The corruptness of sports today has lead to many methods of unethical behaviour. Winning is a very important thing not only to athletes, but winning is very important to countries as well. In the early 1960s drugs were used more frequently among the communist nations who wanted to enhance their national prestige through sports. Countries such as China and East Germany have been guilty of using such practices as doping their athletes. The glory of winning a gold medal and what will follow after that is more important than anything else. It one of the major influences behind drug use in sports. The main concern now for athletes who are representing their countries is not just about the satisfaction of winning but the rewards for success. The rewards are staggering, as the dollar volume being showered on winners is second to none. The figures have become so mind-boggling that the interests of people involved in this lucrative business is no longer centred around ethical and health-related concerns. Athletes are willing to give up all that they have worked for their entire lives in order to win a gold medal. Athletes use performance-enhancing drugs to help break records or win gold medals. Blood doping is another example in which athletes attempt to improve performance. Drug related scandals are some of the major concerns with the Olympics. Drug testing was introduced at the Olympics in 1967, when at the 1960 Olympics in Rome, Swedish cyclist Knut Jensen took compound drugs to compete in the road race during which he collapsed and died.

Jackie Robinsn: A man who Changed America Essay -- essays research pap

Jackie Robinson made one of the most daring moves by playing Major League baseball. The amount of pain and suffering this man went through was so harsh that I don't know how he was able to play. Carl Erskine said,"Maybe I see Jackie differently. You say he broke the color line. But I say he didn't break anything. Jackie was a healer. He came to rectify a wrong, to heal a sore in America"(Dorinson back cover). Jackie was born January thirty-first 1919. Shortly after he was born, his father deserted his family. Almost a year after that, Jackie's uncle came to visit and convinced his family to move to California with him. The whole family moved out there with his uncle. They moved to Pasadena,California. The neighborhood they moved into was mostly a white neighborhood. The white people did not want them in the neighborhood. They would criticize Jackie and his family. When he was about eight years old, he had learned to stand up for himself and answer back when the occasion demanded. Jackie went to Muir Tech. High School. At high school is where he began to get interested in sports. He competed in football, baseball, basketball, and track. He was a good player in every sport. During high school, college recruiters failed to pay attention to him. He didn't receive any scholorship, so he decided to go to Pasadena Junior College. Pasadena Junior College is where Jackie began to get noticed for his athletic abilities. He set many records in track, baseball, and football. Babe Horrel wanted to recruit Jackie from Pasadena Junior College. One of the best athletes on the West Coast(Tygiel 27) After two years at Pasadena Junior College, he transfered to UCLA. Jackie went here so his brother, Frank would be able to attend most of the games. His brother never did get to see a game because he died in a motocycle accident. At UCLA, Jackie lettered in four sports in one year. He was the first player to do that. He played track, baseball, basketball, and football. ... ...id become friends with him. It was his teammate Peewee Reese. Reese was a white man that played shortstop for the Dodgers. During one game, Jackie mad a diving catch to win the game for the Dodgers. Jackie got hurt on the play. Reese goes over to second base to make sure Jackie was alright. No one else came over to see if he was alright. It showed a lot of courage for Reese to do that. Reese took a lot of crap for doing it but he didn't care. Thus in eight years America's most prominent national sport moved from a tradition of seventy years discrimination to almost complere intergration(Tygiel 156). The big step of Jackie joining major league baseball changed everything in sports and life. He was a civil rights leader just like Martin Luther King Jr. He made the big step to show that it's not impossible to get things to be equal.We should all be very thankful for what Jackie Robinson has done. He didn't give into fear and run away from the challenge of breaking the color barrier. He took the challenge and conquered it. He changed the history of baseball and the rest of life. He helped the blacks become equal to the white race.

Book Review of The Hunchback of Notre Dame Essay

There are many books that were published in the year of 1831. However, none of them have grown to be so popular and loved as the book â€Å"The Hunchback of Notre Dame.† This renowned book has many qualities, as it does flaws. It also has a variety of characters, such as the lovable Quasimodo. This novel is internationally loved because of its magnificent content. The novel â€Å"Hunchback of Notre Dame† is recognized for its great qualities. One of the great qualities of this story is that it is very realistic, and has a genuine feel. The punishments, the crimes, and the accusations were practical and easy to accept. While Quasimodo is getting punished in Chapter 7, the punishment he endures was an actual punishment in the 1830’s. This story also has authentic characters, like Esmeralda and Phoebus. Phoebus is a player, and leaves Esmeralda, a girl head-over-heels for him, to die. The personality of these characters and their relationship is not impossible, and there are many people like them. This novel is also whimsical. The story is totally unpredictable, and very fast-paced. At the end of the novel, the reader is uncertain which way the story will go, and if it will end happily. This quality keeps the reader curious and wanting to read more. This story has many great qualities, but there are many shortcomings as well. First off, the situations the characters are put in aren’t very realistic. For example, when Esmeralda is about to be hanged, Quasimodo swings from a gallery to the church in Chapter 14. This is a weak point and takes away from the authenticity of the story. Another drawback is that the beginning is not exciting enough to maintain the reader’s interest. At the beginning, the novel is very dull, and there isn’t any action. The reader becomes uninterested, and no longer wants to continue the book. The last weakness is that this book is targeted towards a small audience. It is violent and unsuitable for kids, boring for many teenagers, and is mostly for an audience who likes and appreciates classics. This classic also has many characters. However, a memorable character is Quasimodo. He is an admirable character, because he represents the lesson â€Å"Beauty is from within†. Although he is heavily disfigured and mutated, he is caring and gentle to everyone around him. Quasimodo is also very thoughtful. When he takes care of her and she asks to see Phoebus, he puts her wants over his. Finally, Quasimodo is a favourite character among many, because he sets her free. He lets Esmeralda be with Gringoire, and this shows how much he loves her. All-in-all, The Hunchback of Notre Dame was an amazing book. It has many qualities, some shortcomings, and memorable characters. This may be an old book, but there are many morals to be learned.

Night Market

WHAT IS NIGHT MARKET Night markets or night bazaars are street market which operate at night and are generally dedicated to more leisurely strolling, shopping, and eating than more businesslike day markets. They are typically open-air markets. Night markets are commonly known as Pasar Malam by the locals, which literally means night market, â€Å"pasar† being related to â€Å"bazaar† in Persian or also the meaning â€Å"market† in Malay, and â€Å"malam† meaning â€Å"night†. A pasar malam is a street market in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia that opens in the evening, usually in residential neighbourhoods.WHAT IS IN THE NIGHT MARKET Night market brings together a collection of stalls that usually sell goods such as fruit, vegetables, snacks, toys, clothes, movie discs and ornaments at cheap or at least reasonable prices. A night market often takes place only one to a few days of the week, as the traders rotate around different neighbourhoods on d ifferent days of the week. Haggling over prices is a common practice at such markets. WHY PEOPLE LIKE TO GO NIGHT MARKET Night markets or night bazaars are street markets which operate at night.Most of the people like to go night markets because of convenience, cheaper price of items, shop for leisure, temptation of local food where you might not get it from restaurants, and strolling. It is very common to find the night market or the street market in Malaysia that usually opens from evening till night. Night market is usually located in residential areas. You are able to find the night markets only one to a few days of the week at one residential area. The traders will also be selling their things around different neighborhoods on different days.Night market is a one stop place whereby many stalls sell goods such as local food, fruits, vegetables, toys, clothes, shoes, and many more at cheaper prices, where at least the items are cheaper. NIGHT MARKET IN MALAYSIA The good thing of night market at Malaysia is, you can see the night market’s stalls are selling different things by our main three ethnics, which are Malay, Chinese and Indian. This is one of the reasons why more and more tourists start to hit the night market at Malaysia, as they are able to see the culture of Malaysia, goes with the traditional food from different races.As we are pacing up the trend of advanced technology of lifestyle, same goes as the demand of food. A combination of traditional Malay food in the modern life, we have even more tasty delicious food yet maintaining the traditional taste of recipes when we pay a visit to the Malay night markets. During the olden days at the Malay food stalls, most of them are just selling the traditional food such as satay, nasi lemak, kuih, spicy rendang chicken, lemang goes with the delicious rendang beef. Normally the traders will cook at home or restaurants first, and then only they do food packing and sell to the customers.Some Malay tra ders do also sell some Chinese or Indian concept of food. For example, you can see some Malays are selling ‘yong tau fu’ or ‘muruku’. SITUATION AT NIGHT MARKET Night market is not a strange place for today's city life. It is almost as same as the wet market. The difference is the market starts in the evening whereas the wet market starts in the morning. Besides that, only every Monday and Wednesday, the place is swarmed with people. On other days, the field is just gathered by a few cows grazing on the coarse grass. Night market is a spectacular and colourful market.From one end to the other, one can see a dense mass of human heads moving about restlessly under the bright neon lights of the hand-carts and stalls. These temporary stalls sell all manners of useful household goods, food and drinks. Night market is a colourful place. There are many types of fruit and vegetables, such as red tomatoes, orange carrots, green capsicums, etc, which are sold. There a re all kinds of clothes and materials too. There are different kinds of coloured plastic goods and so on. All of them add up to a marvellous view under the bright moonlight.The field at the night market is crowded by people from all walks of life. Cars spill over everywhere from the parking area to the roadsides. In such condition, only the early birds will get parking spaces. Motorcycles and bicycles going in and out. The crowds of people are walking about and the loaded carts on the middle of the path make it even more difficult to move. It is closed to traffic jam during peak hours in town. It seems like the whole community is there. Furthermore, it is also a noisy place. All around, customers and hawkers are bargaining.The din is earshattering. Nevertheless, everyone is in good mood. The shouting and bargaining are enjoyed by both customers and hawkers. â€Å"Apples! Four for $1! Cheap sale! † come the cries of one hawker. Then another hawker suddenly cries, â€Å"Apples ! Five for $1! Come on! Cheap sale! Cheap sale! † Obviously, there are already a number of people examining the fruits. There are people laughing and children crying. Just two stalls away, the loud music of cd vendors comes along cheering up the situation. The stall is also brightly illuminated. No doubt, it is doing a roaring business.Then a few stalls away, traditional medicine sellers promote their medicine. They use a microphone to speak and a loudspeaker to spread their voice. Becauseof that, a big crowd of customers will take a look and buy their products. All of that bring a festive atmosphere in the night market. There are loud and happy music like clashing ofcymbals and beating of drums, children's laughter, hawkers' call and teenagers' giggling. Everyone is in a holiday mood – enjoying the tasty food and drinks and unwinding after a hard day's work. By about 9 p. m. awkers begin to pack their things into vans. Some of them remain to get some last minute sellin g done. â€Å"$1 only, Madam! This is the last one. I sold for $2 just now but I want to go home now. † In this way, many sales transactions are closed. Furthermore, most vendors have a hard life, trying to make both ends meet. They really need to make some profits each night. Although the night market is very crowded and noisy, but the hawkers and customers will come back again and again because the night market is where things are cheaper as there are no middlemen to make a profit for themselves.

Vacant Chapter 13 Forgive

So far I've cleaned the bathroom, the oven, the refrigerator and vacuumed – twice. It's after nine and Emily still hasn't shown up. I'm starting to think that her things are simply a mirage, or maybe she just didn't want to carry a lot of junk with her. Maybe she's staying with one of her school friends, and she didn't need her hygiene stuff. Maybe my earlier thought about what she would need to do for money wasn't that far off the mark. Maybe she's out doing something dangerous, or worse yet, something has already happened to her. There's no one but me to know she's missing. How long do I have to wait before I turn her in as a missing person? I know she has to be missing for at least twenty-four hours, but maybe she's already been gone for a couple days. Oh, God – what if she's hurt and lying somewhere. Maybe she only has minutes left and I can't get to her in time†¦ â€Å"Ow!† I hit my head on the bottom shelf of the linen closet, cleaning the dried and caked shampoo from the floor when the sound of the door closing startles me. â€Å"Emily?† I hope it's her. If it's not, I'm going to call the cops and lie and tell them she's been missing for days. I hear the slapping of tennis shoes against the linoleum, then a thud on the carpet. I turn and look down the hall to see a brown-haired beauty face down on the floor. â€Å"Emily? Are you okay?† I almost – almost – laugh when she looks up at me with her hair tangled in her face. â€Å"Ethan, it's you! It's really you!† She scrambles the rest of the way to me on her knees, spitting her hair out of her mouth and hugging me tighter than I can ever remember. Her smile is brighter than a sunny day at the equator. We settle on the couch, still holding on to each other. I can't seem to let go. I never want to let go. â€Å"Where have you been?† There doesn't seem to be any anger in her tone. How could she NOT be angry with me? I'm ashamed at my answer. â€Å"I drove. I didn't really go anywhere. I was just running away, Emily.† I hang my head, embarrassed that I don't even have a good reason for leaving her. â€Å"I know it won't make any difference now because you probably hate me, but I love you too, Emily. I have since†¦forever, and I'm sorry I waited so long to tell you. I should have said it to you a week ago instead of running away like the coward I am. But, I can't hold back any longer without you knowing how I feel about you. I've never been in love before, but I'm pretty sure this is what it feels like. I can't think about anything else but you – how you laugh, the way you comb your hair, the way you smell right after the shower†¦ God!† Something stops my rambling, something soft, warm and moist. Emily's lips are on mine and her arms are wrapped around my neck. She's kissing me, and I don't ever want her to stop. Her mouth on mine is awesome! And I think about other things I want her to do with her mouth. While there are a hundred synonyms for how kissing Emily feels, the only thing in my head the at the moment is â€Å"woo-hoo†. If I really think about what is actually happening, I'll make her stop. This is wrong – not the kissing part, but the part where she's willing to forgive all my sins and just take me back without a second thought. Now that I'm thinking about it†¦ Damn it! Now I'm mad. I pull away while her lips linger. â€Å"Emily,† I sigh, not really knowing where to start. â€Å"We have to talk about this,† I motion between us. She nods begrudgingly. It's written all over her face; she thinks I'm going to reject her again. â€Å"Look,† I pull her chin up so her eyes meet mine, â€Å"nothing will change my feelings for you. They haven't changed in the last few years, and they won't change in the next few, either. What I have to know, though, is how you are feeling.† She starts shaking her head, telling me not to worry, but that's precisely the problem. She should be angry with me. â€Å"Emily, you should be upset with me. Yell, scream, hit – anything to let me know how you feel!† I'm almost shouting near the end of my declaration. I pull back and get myself in check before I completely lose it. â€Å"Relieved.† â€Å"What?† It's a stupid question because I heard perfectly well what she said. It's a stall tactic on my part. â€Å"I'm relieved, Ethan.† â€Å"Why aren't you-â€Å" â€Å"Do you know how many people there have been in my life who I cared about or who cared about me?† I'm pretty sure I know the answer. I'm hoping it's two, but know for sure it's one – her mother – but I'm always careful not to bring up LouAnne. I just squeeze her hand, which I'm still holding onto like the piece of wood Leonardo DiCaprio was holding onto after his exit from the Titanic. â€Å"Two, Ethan. Two.† Now I'm relieved. â€Å"And one of them can't ever come back, but you did. You came back and I don't care where you went or what you did. You are here now, safe.† The tremble in her voice as she says, â€Å"what you did,† tells me she's a little scared of what – or who – I might have done, so I hope I'm about to put her fears to rest. â€Å"I just drove and slept in my car. I ate a few times, but honestly, Emily, the only thing I did was think about you and how much you mean to me. I was an asshole for leaving you. I didn't take your safety or well-being into account and for that, I'm sorry. You should be upset with me.† â€Å"I was scared, Ethan. At first, I thought maybe you were just blowing off some steam, off figuring out a way to tell me to leave, but when you didn't come home that first night or the next morning, I started to get worried. Then Margie came by and said you hadn't shown up for work.† So, this is how Margie knows about Emily. â€Å"I wasn't really sure how much she knew, but I could tell she was surprised to find me here. She was so nice though. I told her how highly you speak of her and how much we appreciated the deal she and her husband gave on the car. Then I lost myself for a little bit and told her about you surprising me and taking me to graduation.† Emily pauses and smiles, then looks down as if she's a little embarrassed. â€Å"It was nice to have a woman to talk to again. It reminded me a little of my mom.† Emily continues to tell me about Margie coming to the house. She said she cried for a little bit because she didn't know what to do, that she'd been relying on me for so long. She didn't know what she would do if I didn't come home. She also tells me how Margie asked her about a job and what she liked to do. It seems they went to the public library and Emily applied for a position. She can work there part-time and still go to school. Apparently, she works until closing and that's why she came home so late. Margie also got her a bus pass and rode with her the first time to make sure it was safe. There isn't a bouquet of flowers big enough for Margie right now.

Multiple Choice Questions Essay

1.The dynamic new workplace of the 21st century is characterized by: 1. A highly competitive global economy, driven by innovation and technology, that has created both unparalleled opportunities and unprecedented uncertainties. 2. Smart people and smart organizations creating their own futures. 3. Companies with a future sharing an important commitment to people 4. All of the above. 5. None of the above. 2.The best employers share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: 6. They have high performance expectations. 7. They provide employees with both valued rewards and respect for work-life balance. 8. They are extremely good at attracting and retaining talented employees. 9. They excel at fully utilizing employees’ talents and valuing their contributions. 10. They excel at exploiting the natural environment. 3.__________ are successful because they are better than their competitors at gaining extraordinary results from the people working for them. 11. American companies. 12. Japanese companies. 13. High technology companies. 14. High performing companies. 15. Companies that embrace diversity. 4.__________ introduces you to the concepts, themes, and directions that are consistent with career success and organizational leadership in today’s high performance work settings. 16. The study of workforce diversity. 17. The study of management. 18. The study of the global economy. 19. The study of decision making. 20. The study of great leaders. 5.The study of __________ should enable you to learn as much as possible to prepare for a career-long commitment to getting great things accomplished through working with people 21. Management. 22. The global economy. 23. Decision making. 24. Great leaders. 25. Information technology. 6.Which statement does NOT accurately characterize the nature of the new economy? 26. It is an economy rich with challenging opportunities. 27. It is a networked economy in which the Internet increasingly influences people, institutions, and nations. 28. It is a networked economy where people and institutions but not nations are influenced by continuing developments in information technology. 29. It is an economy full of dramatic uncertainties. 30. It is the economy in which people now live and work. 7.Which of the following attributes accurately describes the new economy? 31. The new economy is a global economy. 32. The new economy is knowledge-driven. 33. The new economy is performance-driven. 34. All of these are attributes of the new economy. 35. Only alternatives A and C describe attributes of the new economy. 8.The ultimate foundation of organizational performance is __________. 36. The availability and amount of financial capital. 37. The production of quality goods or the provision of quality services. 38. What people know, what people learn, and what people do with it. 39. Computer-based technology. 40. Inspirational and transformational leadership. 9.__________ is the collective brainpower or shared knowledge of a workforce that can be used to create value. 41. Managerial expertise. 42. Intellectual capital. 43. A learning organization. 44. Knowledge management. 45. Managerial competency. 10.Someone whose mind is a critical asset to employers and who adds to the intellectual capital of the organization is a(n) __________. 46. Administrator. 47. Top-level manager. 48. Functional manager. 49. Information competent manager. 50. Knowledge worker. Globalization 11.__________ is the worldwide interdependence of resource flows, product markets, and business competition that characterizes the new economy. 51. Economic internationalization. 52. International management. 53. Globalization. 54. World interdependence. 55. Cross-cultural business. 12.Which of the following statements accurately describes the impact of the global economy? 56. The world is increasingly arranged in regional economic blocks. 57. Government leaders in our global economy are concerned about the competitiveness of nations. 58. The national boundaries of business are disappearing. 59. All of the above. 60. None of the above. 13.In a(n) __________, countries and peoples are increasingly interconnected with respect to labor markets and business dealings. 61. Ethical world. 62. Globalized world. 63. Ethnocentric world. 64. Socially responsible world. 65. Ethnically diverse world. Technology 14.__________ and __________ help organizations of all types and sizes, locally and internationally, to speed transactions and improve decision making. 66. The United Nations  ¼ computers. 67. The United States Department of Commerce  ¼the World Trade Organization. 68. Computers  ¼ information technology. 69. Information technology  ¼ a diverse workforce. 70. Globalization  ¼ ethics. 15.Which of the following statements does NOT describe an implication of technology for the new economy? 71. Technology is an indispensable part of everyday operations in all types of businesses. 72. The lessons of e-business are being applied to e-government. 73. In virtual space, people in remote locations can hold meetings, share information and files, make plans, and solve problems together. 74. The demand for knowledge workers with the skills to utilize technology to full advantage is increasing. 75. Work will still be the same even with computers and high technology. 16.Several technological trends are occurring in the new economy. Which of the following is NOT one of these trends? 76. The Internet, World Wide Web, computers, and information technology have transformed and continue to transform the modern workplace. 77. The demand for knowledge workers with the skills to utilize technology to full advantage is increasing. 78. Computer competency must be mastered and continuously developed as a foundation for career success. 79. Low-skill workers who are displaced from declining industries will not need to re-tool their skills to find adequate alternative employment. 80. The rate of technological change will continue to accelerate. Diversity 17.When a company’s managerial accountability includes supporting employment opportunities and upward mobility for women, minorities, handicapped persons and people between the ages of 50 and 70, the company is __________. 81. Providing good working conditions for employees. 82. Practicing ethical behavior. 83. Valuing workforce diversity. 84. Operating according to the Civil Rights Act. 85. Promoting differential treatment for some people. 18.Differences among members of the workforce––such as age, gender and national origin––are characteristics of __________. 86. Organizational gaps. 87. Workforce diversity. 88. Cultural similarities. 89. Economic barriers for workforce development. 90. Management challenges. 19.Displaying negative, irrational opinions and attitudes toward members of diverse populations is considered to be __________. 91. Unholy. 92. An injustice. 93. Illegal. 94. Prejudice. 95. Holding power within your own hands. 20.Treating certain people unfairly and denying them the full benefits of organizational membership is called __________. 96. Prejudice. 97. Discrimination. 98. The glass ceiling effect. 99. Poor quality of work life. 100. Selective human resource management. 21.The existence of an invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from rising above a certain level of organizational responsibility is called the __________. 101. Harassment effect. 102. Glass ceiling effect. 103. Mirrored wall effect. 104. Promotion barrier. 105. Sticky floor effect. Ethics 22.Which of the following are appropriate targets for ethical and social responsibility issues? 106. Concerns for the natural environment. 107. Employees’ behavior. 108. Changing needs of an increasingly global economy. 109. All of the above. 110. None of the above. 23.A well-known business executive goes to jail for not revealing a personal financial interest in a project that will significantly benefit company profits. This executive’s action is an example of __________. 111. Providing high company profits. 112. Maximizing personal objectives. 113. Ignoring managerial ethics. 114. Adhering to department policies. 115. Performing autocratic leadership. 24.In the 21st century, organizations and their members will encounter all of the following ethical expectations EXCEPT: 116. The expectation of treating customers right and acting in ways consistent with society’s values. 117. The expectation of sustainable development and protection of the natural environment. 118. The expectation of protecting consumers through product safety and fair practices. 119. The expectation of protecting human rights, including employment policies and practices. 120. The expectation that stockholders’ interests should be the primary consideration when organizations make decisions affecting the environment. 25.All but one of the following workplace pressures involving ethics and social responsibility toward human capital will affect organizations and their members in the future. Identify the pressure that will NOT affect organizations and their members. 121. Job security. 122. Occupational safety and health. 123. Equal employment opportunities. 124. Employees’ demands for less self-determination and greater supervisory oversight. 125. Equity of compensation and benefits. Careers 26.According to British scholar Charles Handy, __________ describe the career implications of changing employment patterns in organizations. 126. Full-time workers, part-time workers, and temporary workers. 127. Contract workers, full-time workers, and core employees. 128. Core workers, contract workers, and part-time workers. 129. Skilled workers, unskilled laborers, and contract workers. 130. Technical employees, unskilled laborers, and skilled workers. 27.According to Charles Handy, a __________ is a person who pursues career paths with a traditional character. 131. Temporary skilled worker. 132. Contract worker. 133. Part-time worker. 134. Core worker. 135. Service worker. 28.In Charles Handy’s description of changing careers, a person who performs specific tasks as needed and is compensated on a fee-for-services basis is a __________. 136. Service worker. 137. Holiday worker. 138. Contract worker. 139. Licensed worker. 140. Part-time worker. 29.The typical career in the 21st century __________. 141. Won’t be uniformly full-time and limited to a single organization. 142. Will require skills to be portable and of value to more than one employer. 143. Will require skills to be carefully maintained and upgraded over time. 144. All of the above. 145. None of the above. ORGANIZATIONS IN THE NEW WORKPLACE 30.Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe organizations in the new workplace? 146. Organizations in the new workplace are tied to connectivity made possible by information technology. 147. Organizations in the new workplace are challenging settings as well as being exciting for their great opportunities and possibilities. 148. Organizations in the new workplace should make real and positive contributions to society. 149. Organizations are the principal source of careers and people’s economic livelihood. 150. Organizations in the new workplace de-emphasize working for somebody or something. 31.Which of the following is not one of the critical survival skills for the new workplace that is identified in the text? 151. Entrepreneurship. 152. Love of technology. 153. Marketing. 154. Finance. 155. Passion for renewal. 32.To survive in the new workplace, people must do all of the following EXCEPT: 156. Be able to contribute something of value to their employers. 157. Have links with peers and others inside and outside the organization in order to get things done. 158. Be able to communicate personal and work group successes and progress. 159. Act as if they are running their own businesses. 160. Have an extensive knowledge of computer languages and their applications. What Is an Organization? 33.An organization is a __________. 161. A collection of people working competitively to carry out the mission. 162. A collection of people working together to achieve a common purpose. 163. A collection of people accountable to a single manager. 164. A collection of people working in different departments. 165. A collection of people working together in a business. 34.A clear sense of purpose that is tied to __________ is increasingly viewed as a source of organizational strength and performance advantage. 166. Making a profit and providing a high return to stockholders. 167. Producing quality products and providing customer satisfaction. 168. Producing goods and services for worldwide consumption. 169. Making the highest return on investment and having the greatest profitability. 170. Expanding through mergers and acquisitions. 35.Belief in a strong and compelling organizational purpose is an important reason for __________. 171. Employees earning a good salary. 172. Manipulating employee perceptions. 173. Employees remaining very loyal to their employers. 174. Hiring family members of current employees. 175. Giving employees favorable performance evaluations. Organizations as Systems 36.Organizations are systems composed of __________. 176. A collection of subsystems, each working for separate goals. 177. Sets of organizational policies and processes. 178. Interdependent parts that function together to achieve a common purpose. 179. A collection of independent job tasks. 180. Independent subsystems that interact with their environment. 37.Which of the following accurately describes an open system? 181. An open system is permissive in observing the rules of management science. 182. An open system is a collection of subsystems that do not relate to one another. 183. An open system is consistent with the Theory Y system of management. 184. An open system interacts with the external environment in a continual process of transforming resource inputs into product outputs in the form of finished goods and/or services. 185. An open system treats its employees as responsible adults. 38.Which of the following statements accurately describes the open systems model of organizations? 186. The environment provides resource inputs including finished goods and/or services. 187. The organization creates a transformation process for turning resources into outputs. 188. The environment consumes product outputs including people, money, materials, technology, and information. 189. Resource inputs affect product outputs through a feedback loop. 190. Workflows are part of the resource inputs. 39.Which statement(s) regarding an organization’s environment is/are true? 191. The environment is a critical element of the open systems model. 192. The environment is a supplier of resources and a source of customers. 193. Feedback from the environment tells an organization how well it is doing. 194. All of these are true statements regarding an organization’s environment. 195. All of these are false statements regarding an organization’s environment. Organizational Performance 40.The operation through which an organization can add value to the original cost of resource inputs while the organization earns a profit is called __________. 196. The systems and operations channel. 197. The transmission process. 198. Value creation. 199. Production and operations management. 200. The marketing channel. 41.__________ refers to the quantity and quality of work performance, with resource utilization taken into account. 201. Effectiveness. 202. Efficiency. 203. Profitability. 204. Productivity. 205. Asset management. 42.An output measure of task or goal accomplishment is called __________. 206. Performance efficiency. 207. Productivity. 208. The bottom line. 209. Performance effectiveness. 210. Organizational competency. 43.Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the impact of resource utilization and goal attainment on organizational performance? 211. When resource utilization is poor and goal attainment is low, organizational performance is neither effective nor efficient. 212. When resource utilization is good and goal attainment is low, organizational performance is efficient but not effective. 213. When resource utilization is poor and goal attainment is high, organizational performance is effective but not efficient. 214. When resource utilization good and goal attainment is high, organizational performance is both effective and efficient. 215. Organizational performance is unaffected by poor versus good resource utilization and low versus high goal attainment. 44.A manager who emphasizes cost containment, even at the expense of missing production targets, is more interested in __________ than in __________. 216. Performance efficiency  ¼ performance effectiveness. 217. Performance effectiveness  ¼ performance efficiency. 218. Productivity  ¼ performance efficiency. 219. Productivity  ¼ performance effectiveness. 220. Productivity  ¼ quality of work life. 45.A measure of the resource cost associated with goal accomplishment is called _________. 221. Performance efficiency. 222. Productivity. 223. The bottom line. 224. Performance effectiveness. 225. Organizational competency. Changing Nature of Organizations 46.Organizations are changing in a variety of ways. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways mentioned in the text? 226. Preeminence of technology. 227. Demise of command-and-control. 228. Progressive brand marketing. 229. Belief in empowerment. 230. Emphasis on teamwork. 47.Organizations are changing in a variety of ways. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways mentioned in the text? 231. New workforce expectations. 232. Focus on speed. 233. Embrace of networking. 234. Focus on profitability. 235. Concern for work-life balance. 48.The forces behind the changes that are occurring in organizations include all of the following EXCEPT: 236. Competition. 237. Diminished skill capacity of the workforce. 238. Globalization. 239. Emerging technologies. 240. Customers’ demands for quality products and services. 49.Managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous improvement and meeting customer needs completely is the concept of __________. 241. Good leadership. 242. Total quality management. 243. Systems theory. 244. Organizational behavior. 245. Theory Z. MANAGERS IN THE NEW WORKPLACE What Is a Manager? 50.A manager may be described as __________. 246. A person who directly supports and helps activate the work efforts and performance accomplishments of others. 247. Someone who is unswervingly loyal to the organization. 248. Someone who has mastered the hierarchy of authority. 249. Someone who contends with corporate politics. 250. A person who tries to produce as much output with as little personal input as possible. 51.Which of the following statements accurately describes managers? 251. Managers are responsible for their own work as well as the overall performance accomplishments of a team, work group, department, or entire organization. 252. Managers help others to achieve high performance. 253. Mangers have the most vital job in society. 254. All of the above. 255. None of the above. Levels and Types of Managers 52.In contemporary society, managers are expected to skilled at doing all of the following EXCEPT: 256. Organizing complex subjects. 257. Solving problems. 258. Communicating ideas. 259. Making swift decisions. 260. Developing new products. 53.A hierarchical classification of managers identifies a manager by levels such as __________. 261. Experienced and inexperienced. 262. Headquarters and branch. 263. Top, middle, and team leaders or supervisors. 264. Functional, staff, and line. 265. Administrative and general. 54.__________ are responsible for the performance of the organization as a whole or of one of its major parts. 266. Top managers. 267. Middle managers. 268. Team leaders or supervisors. 269. Functional managers. 270. General managers. 55.__________ are in charge of relatively large departments or divisions consisting of several smaller work units. 271. Top managers. 272. Middle managers. 273. Team leaders or supervisors. 274. Functional managers. 275. General managers. 56.Which statement about middle management is TRUE? 276. Middle management includes executives and vice presidents. 277. Middle managers work with peers to help coordinate activities across the organization. 278. Middle managers develop high-level action plans for implementation by persons working below them. 279. Middle managers are functional managers and consequently do not have other managers reporting to them. 280. Middle managers constitute the first level of an organization’s hierarchy of authority. 57.A person who coordinates complex projects with task deadlines and does so while working with many persons of different expertise both inside and outside the organization is called a __________. 281. Group supervisor. 282. Staff manager. 283. Team leader. 284. Project manager. 285. Labor leader. 58.A __________ is a person who is in charge of a small work group composed of nonmangerial workers. 286. Staff manager. 287. Line manager. 288. Team leader. 289. Middle manager. 290. Functional manager. 59.__________ pursue work unit performance objectives that are consistent with higher-level organizational goals. 291. Top managers. 292. Middle managers. 293. Team leaders or supervisors. 294. Functional managers. 295. General managers. 60.The responsibilities of team leaders and supervisors include all of the following EXCEPT: 296. Planning meetings and work schedules. 297. Clarifying goals and tasks and gathering ideas for improvement. 298. Paying attention to long-run problems and opportunities in the external environment. 299. Recommending pay increases and new assignments. 300. Recruiting, training, and developing team members. 61.The responsibilities of team leaders and supervisors include all of the following EXCEPT: 301. Encouraging high performance and teamwork. 302. Informing team members about organizational goals and expectations. 303. Informing higher levels of team needs and accomplishments. 304. Coordinating with other teams and supporting their work efforts. 305. Developing and implementing action plans for large departments or divisions. 62.Managers who have responsibility for work activities that make a direct contribution to production of the organization’s product or service are called __________. 306. Middle managers. 307. Staff managers. 308. Line managers. 309. General managers. 310. Administrators. 63.In a department store, a department supervisor would be considered to be __________. 311. A line manager. 312. A staff manager. 313. A general manager. 314. An administrator. 315. An executive. 64.Managers who use their special technical expertise to support the efforts of line workers are called __________. 316. Line managers. 317. Staff managers. 318. Engineers. 319. General managers. 320. Administrators. 65.__________ managers use their special technical expertise to support the efforts of __________ managers. 321. General  ¼ functional. 322. Administrative  ¼ general. 323. Higher-level  ¼ lower-level. 324. Staff  ¼ line. 325. Line  ¼ staff. 66.A manager who has responsibility for a single area of activity in the organization is __________. 326. A staff manager. 327. A line manager. 328. A functional manager. 329. A general manager. 330. An administrator. 67.A manager who is responsible for complex organizational units that include many functional areas of activity is __________. 331. An administrator. 332. A multifunctional manager. 333. A technocrat. 334. A team captain. 335. A general manager. 68.A plant manager who oversees the purchasing, manufacturing, warehousing, sales, and personnel functions may be described as __________. 336. A general manager. 337. An administrator. 338. A functional manager. 339. A staff manager. 340. A controller. 69.Managers who work in public or nonprofit organizations are called __________. 341. Staff managers. 342. Line managers. 343. Functional managers. 344. General managers. 345. Administrators. 70.Which statement concerning managers and administrators is TRUE? 346. Administrators deal with material resources, while managers deal with human resources. 347. Administrators deal with human resources, while managers deal with material resources. 348. Administrators cannot be managers and managers cannot be administrators. 349. Nonprofit organizations do not have managers; business enterprises do not have administrators. 350. Administrators are managers who work in public or nonprofit organizations. Managerial Performance 71.The organizational requirement for one person to answer back to a higher authority for performance results in his or her area of work responsibility is known as __________. 351. Productivity. 352. Quality management. 353. Accountability. 354. Hierarchical monitoring. 355. Performance assurance. 72.Truly effective managers utilize organizational resources in ways that result in both __________ and __________. 356. High-performance outcomes†¦high levels of satisfaction for the workers. 357. High-performance outcomes†¦high returns to the stockholders. 358. High-quality products or services†¦high returns to the stockholders. 359. High profit margins†¦large market shares. 360. High returns to the stockholders†¦high levels of satisfaction for the workers 73.The overall quality of human experiences in the workplace is known as __________. 361. Human conditions analysis. 362. Standards for workplace experiences. 363. Quality of work life. 364. Total quality management. 365. Quality assurance. 74.Which statement about quality of work life (QWL) is FALSE? 366. QWL expresses true respect for people at work. 367. QWL is part of any manager’s accountability. 368. QWL provides for protection of individual rights. 369. QWL deals with human resource utilization in the performance process. 370. QWL changes very little during tough economic times. Changing Nature of Managerial work 75.High performing managers are good at __________. 371. Building working relationships with others. 372. Creating a work environment that is only performance-driven. 373. Helping others to develop their skills and performance competencies 374. Fostering teamwork. 375. Creating a work environment that fosters both performance and satisfaction. 76.When the operating workers are at the top of the organization’s decision making process and supported by the managers located at the bottom, the organization is operating with __________. 376. An ineffective management concept. 377. A wrong-sided pyramid. 378. An out-dated organizational chart. 379. An upside-down pyramid. 380. An upside-down organizational chart. 77.An upside-down pyramid has several practical implications. Which of the following is/are included among these practical implications? 381. Each individual is a value-added worker who creates eventual value for the organization’s customers or clients. 382. A manager’s job is to support workers’ efforts to add value to the organization’s goods or services. 383. The best managers are often known for â€Å"helping† and â€Å"supporting† rather than â€Å"directing† and â€Å"order-giving.† 384. All of the above are practical implications of the upside-down pyramid. 385. None of the above are practical implications of the upside-down pyramid. 78.Managerial work is changing in all of the following ways EXCEPT: 386. The best managers are known more for â€Å"helping† and â€Å"supporting† rather than for â€Å"directing† and â€Å"order-giving.† 387. More emphasis is placed on teamwork. 388. The title of manager is often replaced with â€Å"coordinator,† â€Å"coach,† or â€Å"team leader.† 389. The role of managers is to help workers serve customer needs. 390. Symbolically, managers remain at the top of the organizational pyramid. THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS Functions of Management 79.Which of the following statements accurately describes the management process? 391. The management process involves using four functions to mobilize resources in order to perform important tasks and achieve organizational goals. 392. The management process is concerned with the mechanics, but not the results, of managing. 393. The management process is a formal system that removes responsibility for decision making from individual managers. 394. All of the above. 395. None of the above. 80.The four basic functions of management are __________. 396. Delegating, planning, organizing, and order giving. 397. Organizing, leading, controlling, and order giving. 398. Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. 399. Delegating, leading, controlling, and decision making. 400. Planning, leading, controlling, and decision making. 81.Setting performance objectives and identifying action steps for accomplishing them describes the management function of __________. 401. Planning. 402. Organizing. 403. Leading. 404. Controlling. 405. Decision making. 82.Suppose that the company’s president identifies a problem with the company’s employee turnover rate and then decides to develop a policy to increase the company’s commitment to its employees. The president is practicing the management function of __________. 406. Planning. 407. Organizing. 408. Leading. 409. Controlling. 410. Decision making. 83.Assigning tasks, allocating resources, and arranging the coordinated activities of individuals and groups to implement plans describes the management function of __________. 411. Planning. 412. Organizing. 413. Leading. 414. Controlling. 415. Delegating. 84.Suppose that a manager sets up a committee to develop procedures for dealing with company-wide training needs and then assigns people to conduct specific training programs. This manager is performing which management function? 416. Planning. 417. Organizing. 418. Motivating. 419. Leading. 420. Controlling. 85.Arousing the enthusiasm of employees to work hard and to direct their efforts toward fulfilling plans and accomplishing objectives describes the management function of __________. 421. Planning. 422. Organizing. 423. Leading. 424. Controlling. 425. Order giving. 86.Suppose a manager starts an affirmative action program to increase opportunities for minority advancement and then communicates the objectives of the program to all employees. By doing this the manager gains their support and participation. This manager is performing which management function? 426. Planning. 427. Organizing. 428. Leading. 429. Motivating. 430. Controlling. 87.Measuring work performance, comparing results to objectives, and taking corrective action as needed describes the management function of __________. 431. Planning. 432. Organizing. 433. Leading. 434. Controlling. 435. Delegating. 88.When a manager monitors the progress of an affirmative action program to advance minorities within the corporation, reviews progress on changes in employee attitudes, calls a special meeting to discuss problems, and makes appropriate adjustments in the program, the manager is performing the function of __________. 436. Planning. 437. Organizing. 438. Leading. 439. Controlling. 440. Delegating. Managerial Activities and Roles 89.According to Henry Mintzberg, the typical manager’s day is __________. 441. Slow paced and filled routine work. 442. Unforgiving in intensity and pace. 443. Filled with too much spare time. 444. Straightforward with little uncertainty. 445. Relatively free of pressure. 90.Henry Mintzberg identified a set of roles that managers perform. These roles are grouped into which of the following three categories? 446. Interpersonal, strategic, and decisional. 447. Strategic, informational, and authoritarian. 448. Interpersonal, informational, and decisional. 449. Supervisory, authoritarian, and decisional. 450. Supervisory, informational, and strategic. 91.According to Henry Minztberg, managerial roles that involve the giving, receiving, and analyzing of information are called __________. 451. Informational roles. 452. Interpersonal roles. 453. Decisional roles. 454. Technical roles. 455. Conceptual roles. 92.According to Henry Minztberg, managerial roles that involve interactions with people inside and outside the work unit are called __________. 456. Informational roles. 457. Interpersonal roles. 458. Decisional roles. 459. Technical roles. 460. Human roles. 93.According to Henry Minztberg, managerial roles that involve using information to make decisions in order to solve problems or address opportunities are called __________. 461. Informational roles. 462. Interpersonal roles. 463. Decisional roles. 464. Technical roles. 465. Conceptual roles. 94.According to the research conducted on the nature of managerial work, which of the following is FALSE? 466. Managers work at fragmented and varied tasks. 467. Managers work at an intense pace. 468. Managers work long hours. 469. Managers spend much time working alone. 470. Managers work with many communication media. Managerial Agendas and Networks 95.According to John Kotter, two activities are fundamental to a general manager’s success in mastering daily challenges. These two activities are __________. 471. Negotiating and directing. 472. Motivating and controlling. 473. Planning and controlling. 474. Agenda setting and networking. 475. Communicating and leading. 96.When general managers develop action priorities for their jobs that include goals and plans spanning long and short time frames, they are performing the important activity of __________. 476. Agenda setting. 477. Leading. 478. Motivating. 479. Controlling. 480. Information processing. 97.One conclusion of John Kotter’s research on effective general managers is that they must pay attention to the importance of __________. 481. Building organization structures that enforce discipline. 482. Motivating workers through incentive pay and reward plans. 483. Developing technical knowledge regarding the tasks at hand. 484. Establishing good interpersonal relationships at work. 485. Serving as a figurehead in office ceremonies. 98.Which of the following statements does NOT provide a correct description of the forces affecting lifelong learning? 486. Workers are expected to become involved, fully participate, demonstrate creativity, and find self-fulfillment in their work. 487. Change is a way of life that demands new individual and organizational responses. 488. Workers are expected to be team players that understand the needs and goals of the total organization. 489. Only managers must be concerned about the demanding quest for high performance. 490. Workers are expected to use new technologies to their full advantage. 99.__________ is the process of continuously learning from our daily experiences and opportunities. 491. Managerial learning. 492. Continuous improvement. 493. Lifelong learning. 494. Experienced-based skill development. 495. Competency acquisition. Essential Managerial Skills 100.In management, the ability to translate knowledge into action that results in desired performance is called __________. 496. The managerial challenge. 497. The management process. 498. Performance effectiveness. 499. Performance efficiency. 500. A skill. 101.According to Robert Katz, the essential skills of management can be grouped into three categories. These categories are: 501. Communicative, procedural, and strategic. 502. Communicative, technical, and human. 503. Human, supervisory, and conceptual. 504. Technical, human, and conceptual. 505. Procedural, supervisory, and strategic. 102.The ability to apply a special proficiency or expertise to perform specific tasks is known as __________. 506. A technical skill. 507. A procedural skill. 508. An administrative skill. 509. A conceptual skill. 510. A supervisory skill. 103.A manager who is using spreadsheet software to prepare a departmental budget is exercising a __________ skill. 511. Supervisory. 512. Conceptual. 513. Creative. 514. Technical. 515. Strategic. 104.__________ skills are most important at lower levels of managerial responsibility. 516. Supervisory. 517. Human. 518. Technical. 519. Administrative. 520. Conceptual. 105.The ability to work well in cooperation with other persons is described as __________. 521. A technical skill. 522. A human skill. 523. A communicative skill. 524. An administrative skill. 525. A conceptual skill. 106.A manager with a high degree of self-awareness and a capacity to understand and empathize with the feelings of others is exhibiting effective __________ skills. 526. Technical. 527. Strategic. 528. Conceptual. 529. Learning. 530. Human. 107.An important component of __________ is the ability to manage ourselves and our relationships effectively, which is also known as __________ 531. Human skills  ¼ emotional intelligence. 532. Human skills  ¼ self-management. 533. Informational roles  ¼ self-management. 534. Emotional intelligence  ¼ human skills. 535. Emotional intelligence  ¼ interactional skills. 108.__________ skills remain relatively consistent in importance across all levels of management. 536. Technical. 537. Human. 538. Diagnostic. 539. Conceptual. 540. Analytical. 109.__________ skills include the ability to break down problems into smaller parts, to see the relationships among the parts, and to recognize the implications of any one problem for others. 541. Strategic. 542. Administrative. 543. Conceptual. 544. Supervisory. 545. Holistic. 110.A management team that is thinking critically and analytically in developing an organizational strategy for dealing with a highly competitive global environment is using __________ skills. 546. Technical. 547. Strategic. 548. Conceptual. 549. Learning. 550. Human. 111.Which statement concerning the relative importance of technical, human, and conceptual skills at different management levels is TRUE? 551. Their relative importance tends to be about the same at each managerial level. 552. Technical skills are of greatest importance for middle managers. 553. Conceptual skills are most important for top managers. 554. Human skills are of greatest importance for lower-level managers. 555. Technical skills are not needed at all by top managers. 112.A skill-based capability that contributes to high performance in a managerial job is called a __________. 556. Managerial competency. 557. Technical skill. 558. Managerial skill. 559. Learned skill. 560. Success factor. 113.Managerial competencies are implied in which of the following managerial elements? 561. The management processes of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. 562. The information, interpersonal, and decision-making demands of managerial roles. 563. The managerial activities of agenda setting and networking. 564. All of the above reflect managerial competencies. 565. None of the above reflect managerial competencies. 114.Which of the following is NOT among the skills and personal characteristics that the text describes as providing a foundation for continued professional development and career success? 566. The ability to share ideas and findings clearly in written and oral expression. 567. The ability to work effectively as a team member and team leader. 568. The ability to initiate change in ambiguous situations. 569. The ability to gather and analyze information for creative problem solving. 570. The ability to sustain a positive impression, instill confidence, and maintain career advancement. 115.The text describes skills and personal characteristics that provide a foundation for continued professional development and career success. Which of the following is NOT one of these skills or personal characteristics? 571. Teamwork. 572. Self-management. 573. Leadership. 574. Critical thinking. 575. Perceptual acuity. // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=†Ã¢â‚¬ ,o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "studymoose.com"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e