An Overview of Modern Philosophies of Education - 3464 Words

Overview Philosophy means love of wisdom. It is made up of two Greek words, philo, meaning love, and sophos, meaning wisdom. Philosophy helps teachers to reflect on key issues and concepts in education, usually through such questions as: What is being educated? What is the good life? What is knowledge? What is the nature of learning? And What is teaching? Philosophers think about the meaning of things and interpretation of that meaning. Even simple statements, such as What should be learned? Or What is adolescence? set up raging debates that can have major implications. For example, what happens if an adolescent commits a serious crime? One interpretation may hide another. If such a young person is treated as an adult criminal, what†¦show more content†¦Plato also believed that the soul is fully formed prior to birth and is perfect and at one with the Universal Being. The birth process checks this perfection, so education requires bringing latent ideas (fully formed concepts) to cons ciousness. In idealism, the aim of education is to discover and develop each individuals abilities and full moral excellence in order to better serve society. The curricular emphasis is subject matter of mind: literature, history, philosophy, and religion. Teaching methods focus on handling ideas through lecture, discussion, and Socratic dialogue (a method of teaching that uses questioning to help students discover and clarify knowledge). Introspection, intuition, insight, and whole-part logic are used to bring to consciousness the forms or concepts which are latent in the mind. Character is developed through imitating examples and heroes. Pragmatism -is the philosophy of considering practical consequences or real effects to be vital components of meaning and truth. Pragmatism is generally considered to have originated in the late nineteenth century with Charles Pierce, who first stated the pragmatic maxim. It came to fruition in the early twentieth-century philosophies of William James and John Dewey and, in a more unorthodox manner, in the works of George Santayana. Other important aspects of pragmatism include anti-Cartesianism, radical empiricism,Show MoreRelatedPhilosophy Syllabus1562 Words   |  7 PagesCity COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Second Semester, AY 2015-2016 COURSE SYLLABUS HUM 102 INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY 3 Units Prerequisite: None UNIVERSITY VISION A University which shapes a global Filipino imbued with moral courage nurtured through values and excellent education. UNIVERSITY MISSION Batangas State University commits to develop productive citizens by providing the highest standard of instruction, research, extension serviceRead MoreAn Ideal Educational Model And How Do Education1386 Words   |  6 Pageshow do education students shift through the wealth of knowledge presented and form their own priorities in which to use to shape our future students? All of the educational philosophical insights are stepping stones to examine mindfully and ponder what we will hold as values as teachers. As a future educator, I am strongly convicted to want to focus on each individual student and help him or her to reach his or her full potential both as a student and as a member of society. The overview of theRead MoreThe Teacher Centered Philosophies Of Education1098 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as math and science, writing and also reading. Teacher-centered philosophies of education require that children are educated using certain methods put into action by their teacher, as opposed to student-centered philosophies. Teaching methods are formed according to the needs and learning styles of individual students. Teacher-centered philosophies force the student to adjust to the teacher; with student-centered philosophies, the teacher adjusts to the student. An essentialist curriculum is structuredRead More A Future Teacher’s Philosophy of Education Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesA Future Teacher’s Philosophy of Education Education and children have always been a big part of my life. Education was always stressed upon in my house by both parents. It has never been an issue whether or not my brother and I would go to college; it has been a known fact that we would both attend college. With both of my parents being educators, education and children have always been very important in my upbringing. All my life, I have been around children, whether it has beenRead MoreHistory of Education and Philosophy of Nurse Education1416 Words   |  6 PagesHistory and Philosophy of Nurse Education Amy Allin Capella University Abstract Each educator brings to the academic arena their own personal nursing philosophy that is based on experience and is historic in nature. By studying the history of nursing, the educator is able to guide the student through their education process. As an educator the nurse becomes an extension of one’s own personal philosophy. Nursing theory serves as the foundation on which to develop a personal philosophy and characterizesRead MoreReview Of George R. Terry s The Field Of Management 966 Words   |  4 Pagesvery important in our life. As a student, managing my time for education and social life are particularly important. Without a good management skill, we may not be able to stand where we are right now. Since management is a part of life skill, it requires exposure from experience and real life situation. It cannot be merely studied in class. In the lecture, we were introduced to two of the most notable person in the management philosophy. The first person is Peter F. Dr ucker, who was a consultant,Read MoreDefinitions Of Management And Historical Management Theory1555 Words   |  7 Pagesapproach to Frederick Taylor’s scientific management theory. Additionally, the effectiveness of this approach is rated, specifically against modern management theory. Finally, the paper discusses the possible future of the organization’s management approach, or a postmodern management theory solution. The author found similarities between scientific management, modern management and the approach the organization takes to management. Key improvements are identified using the postmodern management solutionRead More Library Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pagesexist in places where peace exists. They cannot exist in places with full of conflicts. Libraries have different missions and serve different communities differently. People and organizations establish libraries with different missions. Historical overview shows that libraries have always had missions. The earliest mission of libraries was to maintain an archive for records. There is not information that shows when the first library was established. In the past, temples, municipals and governmentsRead MoreEducational Approaches The Froebel And Montessori Methods1577 Words   |  7 Pagestopic of education and over the centuries of history as our society figures out just what it expects from the system of education. The purposes of this research paper will be to summarize and compare/contrast two different educational approaches the Froebel and Montessori Methods. This paper will not definitively say which approach is overall â€Å"better† just give overviews and detail what ideas seem to be consistent in educational approaches. Starting first with the Froebel Method the philosophy that developedRead MoreDynamic Figures in Church History I Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesTraveling the m’s, we have an overview of the Church, both good and bad. If the message of Jesus is peace and justice, how do we minister that? Our mission is to carry that message of mercy and love forward by recalling Jesus (memory) and living â€Å"the way† (mutuality). Many early Christians did this by martyrdom. The early Church had developed an orthodoxy or doctrine (meaning) to put into words what it meant to be Christian. Part of this doctrine was based on Greek philosophy which included misogynsim

Why Tobacco Is The United State Of America, Brazil, India,...

Tobacco plant is the same as botanical family such as tomatoes, potatoes Peppers or eggplants. Adaptive types, which can be growing economically from 50 degree northern and 40 degree southern. More than 100 counties are growing tobacco like China is growing the most then United State of America, Brazil, India and Turkey. Indonesia grows cultivated which is called by name† bright tobacco† the reason is because of its yellow to orange colour, just like Virginia tobacco after the United State of America. This type of grows mainly subtropical region with light rainfall. In Indonesia this type of tobacco is mostly produced in Lombok Island. Asia is the tiniest and hardest type, grown in hot climate such as Indonesia. These condition and high†¦show more content†¦Other than that, having a few places create tobacco quality, usually grows for supermarket domestic or cigarette quality lows, tingwe (linting dhewe) just like tobacco Kaponan from Ponorogo. 4.2 Tobacco control laws Indonesia has rules and lows just like every others countries in the world, here some of the low of the republic of Indonesia number 40 year 1999 about press by the grace of God almighty the president of the republic of Indonesia. †¢ Smoke free places Smoking is illegal on public transport and in the following public places: healthcare facilities, educational facilities, and places of worship. In other types of public places and in workplaces, designated smoking areas must be provided. With respect to outdoor places, children’s playgrounds must be smoke free. The realization of smoke free places and smoking-restricted places, however, requires passage of laws by local governments. The national law does not set a limit by which local governments must act, so some local governments have passed smoke free legislation while others have not. Sub-national jurisdictions may pass smoke freeShow MoreRelatedBric Analysis Essay11111 Words   |  45 Pages2010 Northeastern Political Science Association 0032-3497/10 www.palgrave-journals.com/polity/ Brazil, the Entrepreneurial and Democratic BRIC* Leslie Elliott Armijo Portland State University Sean W. Burges University of Ottawa By most objective metrics, Brazil is the least imposing of the ‘‘BRICs countries’’— less populous than China and India, slower-growing in recent years than China, India, or Russia, and the only member of the group lacking nuclear weapons. We argue that Brazil’s materialRead MoreEuropes Second Logistic5530 Words   |  23 PagesPortolan chart of the Indian Ocean environs (ca. early 1600s) The Cantino planisphere (1502), one of the oldest surviving Portuguese nautical charts, showing the results of the explorations of Vasco da Gamas to India, Columbus to Central America and Pedro à lvares Cabrals to Brazil. The meridian of Tordesillas, separating the Portuguese and Spanish halves of the world is also depicted Henry the Navigators primary project was exploration of the West Coast of Africa and development of useful portolanRead MoreIphone : The Year That Changed It All Essay2197 Words   |  9 Pagesworld’s second-largest mobile phone manufacturer is truly incredible. In fact, not only does it lead in technology and phone production, it’s become the largest publicly traded TNC in the world. Everything from its assets to its brand loyalty prove why it has expanded across the globe, and will continue to for many years to come. Apple Inc. has globally expanded by outsourcing nearly every level of its production and became one of the most successful and revolutionary TNC’s in the world, mainly dueRead MoreApush Terms Chapter 1 a People and a Nation Essay examples4705 Words   |  19 PagesNomadic hunters of game and gatherers of wild plants, they spread throughout North and South America, probably moving as bands composed of extended families. The Mayas: Developed approximately two thousand years ago. On the Yucatan Peninsula, in today’s eastern Mexico, the Mayas built urban centers containing tall pyramids and temples. They studied astronomy and created and elaborate writing system. Their city-states, though, engaged in near-constant warfare with one another. Warfare and an inadequateRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesLuthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a databaseRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World Economy3193 Words   |  13 Pagesinsensible liberalization of prices, financial decentralization, increasing autonomy for state enterprises, development of stock markets, the rapid growth of the private sector and increasing attention to the foreign trade and also investment. However, China has fulfilled reforms gradually, without rushing. That is one of the arguments why China s economy rised as much. In recent years, China has renewed its support for state-owned enterprises in sectors which its government considers are important to theRead MoreDevelopment and Globalisation Essay7740 Words   |  31 PagesThe Philippines and Thailand, Mexico and Brazil Third Phase †¢ China and India, Turkey, South Africa and the Philippines †¢ China has seen the fastest rate of economic growth of any country †¢ India’s industry is heavily based around services – which accounted for 50% of its total GDP. †¢ New TNCs are now being set up in Indian such as Infosys, Bangalore. |Positives of India Read MoreBrazil Culture17445 Words   |  70 PagesUNIVERSITY FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION JANUARY 2007 .INDEX Preface†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 List of Tables†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 I. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 II.CULTURAL PATTERNS OF BRAZIL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. A. Social Institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1. Historical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 2. Geographical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 3. Demographical†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 4. Political†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 5. Economic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13Read MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 PagesC-67 Gillette and the men’s wet-shaving market C-76 Incat Tasmania’s race for international success: Blue Riband strategies C-95 Kiwi Travel International Airlines Ltd C-105 CASE 8 Beefing up the beefless Mac: McDonald’s expansion strategies in India: C-120 CASE 9 Nucor Corporation and the US steel industry C-128 CASE 10 Pacific Dunlop: Caught on the half volley C-157 CASE 11 Philip Morris C-173 CASE 12 Pisces Group of Singapore C-188 CASE 13 Raffles, Singapore’s historic hotel C-194 CASERead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Lab 5 Assessment Questions free essay sample

2.What is Authorization and how is this concept aligned with Identification and Authentication? Authorization is a set of rights defined for a subject and an object; this concept is aligned with Identification and Authentication because these are the 3 steps to the access control process 3.Provide at least 3 examples of Network Architecture Controls that help enforce data access policies at LAN-to-WAN Domain level. a.Remote Access Servers b.Authentication Servers c.Logical IDS 4.When a computer is physically connected to a network port, manual procedures and/or an automated method must exist to perform what type of security functions at the Network Port and Data Switch level for access control? a.MAC Address Authorization configured for to protected each network port b.MAC Address Profiling c.Secured VLAN deployment for devices that meet this standard and cannot meet more intelligent solutions such as security posture assessment. 5. What is a Network Access Control (NAC) System? Explain its benefits in securing access control to a network. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab 5 Assessment Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Network Access Control (NAC) System enforces network security policies at the network access point rather than the client operating system. NAC systems also require authorization of the client operating system security posture before being allowed access to resources on the network. Endpoints or users that fail authentication are blocked from any network access either by physically shutting down the port or logically by blocking the MAC or IP addresses. 6.Explain the purpose of a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and give an example of how you would implement it in a large organization whose major concern is the proper distribution of certificates across many sites. The PKI infrastructure provides for the generation, production, distribution, control, accounting and destruction of public key certificates. PKI provides a variety of services including issuance of digital certificates to individual users and servers; end-user enrollment software; integration with certificate directories; tools for managing, renewing, and revoking certificates using Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs); and related services and support. 7.PKI provides the capabilities of digital signatures and encryption to implement what security services? Name at least three. a.Identification and authentication through digital signature of a challenge b.Data integrity through digital signature of the information c.Confidentiality through encryption 8.What is the X.509 standard and how does it relate to PKI? The X.509 formatted public key certificate is one of the most important components of PKI. This certificate is a data file that binds the identity of an entity to a public key. The data file contains a collection of data elements that together allow for unique authentication of the own ingenuity when used in combination with the associated private key. 9.What is the difference between Identification and Verification in regard to Biometric Access Controls? Identification processes are significantly more complex and error prone than verification processes. Biometrics technologies are indicators of authentication assurance with results based on a predetermined threshold with measurable False Accept Rates and False Reject Rates. 10.Provide a written explanation of what implementing Separation of Duties would look like in regard to managing a PKI Infrastructure for a large organization. Each branch location IT Admin would be responsible for managing their PKI data base. Each PKI database would also have to separate keys for each different department. The different departments wouldn’t have access to all the information, just the information that they need. 11.What are the 3 categories of vulnerability severity coeds? a.Category I b.Category II c.Category III 12. True or False. The use of 802.11i configured to use AES encryption,802.1X authentication services along with the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) provides the best solution for the enterprise level WLAN, particularly a high security environment. True 13.True or False. It is a best practice to write a password down and store it near the vicinity of the computer for easy access. False 14.True or False. From a security perspective, biometric verification is best deployed as a component of two-factor or three-factor authentication. True 15.From an access control security perspective, why is performing an asset valuation or alignment to a data classification standard the first step in designing proper security controls? An asset valuation will determine the next steps in designing proper security controls

Ratio Analysis on Different Pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh Essay Example

Ratio Analysis on Different Pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh Paper Table of Content 1. Letter of transmittal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦03 2. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦04 3. Ratio Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 06 4. Liquidity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦07 i. Current ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦08 ii. Quick Ratio†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 09 5. Asset management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 iii. Inventory turnover†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 iv. Days sales outstanding (DSO)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 v. Fixed asset turnover†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 vi. Total assets turnover†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 6. Debt management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15 vii. Total debt to total assets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 viii. Times-interest-earned (TIE)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 ix. EBITDA coverage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 7. Profitability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 19 x. Profit margin on sales†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20 xi. Basic earning power (BEP)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦21 xii. Return on total assets (ROA)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦22 xiii. Return on common equity (ROE)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦23 8. Market value†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 24 xiv. Price/earning (P/E)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦25 xv. Price/cash flow†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦26 xvi. Market/book (M/B)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦27 9. Overall Financial Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 28 10. Balance sheet, cash follow and income statement of BEXIMCO LTD 11. Balance sheet, cash follow and income statement of SQUARE LTD 12. Balance sheet, cash follow and income statement of Renata LTD Acknowledgements At first our thanks goes to Mr. S. M. Abdus Shakur, Lecturer, School of Business, Presidency University, for giving us the responsibility to prepare this report which we found to be a rather interesting topic to work on, and for the help to prepare the report as well. We got help from many people in the context of preparing this report and some of the persons have been very helpful and cooperative with information and suggestions. We will write a custom essay sample on Ratio Analysis on Different Pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ratio Analysis on Different Pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ratio Analysis on Different Pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And lastly, we would like to thank each other, means the group members for helping each other whenever we have to get help. Introduction: Financial Ratio Analysis is a tool used by individuals to conduct a quantitative analysis of information  in a companys financial statements. Ratios are  calculated from current year numbers and are then compared to previous years, other companies, the industry, or even the economy to judge the performance of the company. Ratio analysis is predominately used by proponents of fundamental analysis. Financial ratios are designed to help one evaluate financial statement and by comparing the results it must pay to the income it has available for payment such comparisons are made by ratio analysis. Here we take three companies from the same industry to analyze their financial statement and we also compare the findings with the total pharmaceuticals industry average. The companies name we took are- 1. BEXIMCO PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED. 2. SQUARE PHARMACUTICALS LTD. 3. RENATA LIMITED. 4. AMBEE PHARMACEUTICALS LTD. Ratio Analysis Financial ratios are useful indicators of a firms performance and financial situation. Financial ratios can be used to analyze trends and to compare the firms financials to those of other firms. Financial ratios can be classified according to the information they provide. The following types of ratios frequently are used: 1. Liquidity ratios 2. Asset management ratios 3. Debt management ratios 4. Profitability ratios 5. Market value ratios LIQUIDITY RATIOS Liquidity ratios are the first ones to come in the picture. These ratios actually show the relationship of a firm’s cash and other current assets to its current liabilities. Two ratios are discussed under Liquidity ratios. They are: 1. Current ratio 2. Quick/ Acid Test ratio. 1. Current ratio: This ratio indicates the extent to which current liabilities are covered by those assets expected to be converted to cash in the near future. Current assets normally include cash, marketable securities, accounts receivables, and inventories. Current liabilities consist of accounts payable, short-term notes payable, current maturities of long-term debt, accrued taxes, and other accrued expenses (principally wages). Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities BEXIMCO =28618916542602032267 1. 10 times Square=44118364363500845103 =1. 26 times Renata=988092820717068650 =1. 38 times Ambee=218724505222145758 =0. 985 times Industry average=1. 18 times 2. Quick/ Acid Test ratio: This ratio indicates the firm’s liquidity position as well. It actually refers to the extent to which current liabilities are covered by those assets except inventories. Quick Ratio = (Current Assets-Inventories)/Current Liabilities BEXIMCO =28 61891654-15052880932602032267 =1. 04 times Square=4411836436-20267363223500845103 =1. 20 times Renata=988092820-959414590717068650 =0. 04 times Ambee=218724505-135899190222145758 =0. 37 times Industry Average=0. 66 times ASSET MANAGEMENT RATIOS Asset management ratios are the financial statement ratios that measure how effectively a business uses and controls its assets. Below are discussed five types of asset management ratios: 1. Inventory turnover ratio 2. The day’s sales outstanding 3. Fixed asset turnover ratio 4. Total asset turnover ratio 1. Inventory turnover ratio: The ratio is regarded as a test of efficiency and indicates the rapidity with which the company is able to move its merchandise. Inventory turnover ratio = Gross Turnover / Inventories BEXIMCO = 40101670591505288093 =2. 66 times Square= 82310975252026736322 =4. 06 times Renata=3089746417959414590 =3. 22 times Ambee=240726296135899190 =1. 77 times Industry Average=2. 93 times 2. The Days Sales Outstanding: The Days Sales Outstanding ratio shows both the average time it takes to turn the receivables into cash and the age, in terms of days, of a companys accounts receivable. This ratio is of particular importance to credit and collection associates. Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) = Trade Debtors/ (Annual gross turnover/365) BEXIMCO =5039164014010167059/365 =19. 23 Days Square=3602456469565715902/365 =13. 75 Days Renata=3442269333089746417/365 =40. 66 Days Ambee= 38179778240726296/365 =57. 89 days Industry Average=32. 88 days 3. Fixed asset turnover ratio: The Fixed Asset Turnover ratio measures the effectiveness in generating Net Sales revenue from investments in Net Property, Plant, and Equipment back into the company evaluates only the investments. Fixed assets turnover ratio (FATO) = Gross Turnover / Net fixed assets Beximco=401016705911957773787 =0. 34 times Square=82310975258291290984 =0. 99 times Renata=30897464771656161962 =1. 87 times Ambee=24072629660695282 =3. 97 times Industry Average=1. 79 times 4. Total asset turnover ratio: The Total Asset Turnover is similar to fixed asset turnover since both measures a companys effectiveness in generating sales revenue from investments back into the company. Total Asset Turnover evaluates the efficiency of managing all of the companys assets. Total assets turnover ratio (TATO) = Gross Turnover/Total Assets Beximco=401016705914819665441 0. 27 times Square=825784373912703127420 =0. 65 times Renata=30897464173162232934 =0. 98 times Ambee=24072629657247033 =4. 21 times Industry Average=1. 53 times DEBT MANAGEMENT RATIOS Debt management ratios reveal 1) the extent to which the firm is financed with debt and 2) its likelihood of defaulting on its debt obligations. These ratios include: 1. Debt ratio, 2. Times-Interest-Earned (TIE) ratio, 3. EBITDA Coverage . 1. Debt ratio: The ratio of total debt to total assets, generally called the debt ratio, measures the percentage of funds provided by the creditors. Debt ratio = Total Debt / Total Assets Beximco=436946329614819665441 =29 % Square=428608671512703127420 =34 % Renata=15001595773162232934 =47 % Ambee= 4800990157247033 =83% Industry Average=48. 25% 2. Times-Interest-Earned (TIE) ratio: This ratio measures the extent to which operating income can decline before the firm is unable to meet its annual interest cost. EBIT = Earnings before Interest and Tax TIE ratio = EBIT / Interest Charges Beximco=963775308249654298 =3. 86 times Square=2908395181397135963 =7. 32 times Renata=69719063387270665 =7. 99 times Ambee =78642302395026 3. 28 times Industry Average=5. 61 times 3. The EBITDA coverage ratio: The EBITDA coverage ratio shows if earnings are able to satisfy all financial obligations including leases and principal payments. (EBITDA is short for earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. ) EBITDA Ratio = EBITDA + Lease Payment/ Interest + Principal Payment + Lease Payment Beximco=963775308+5887353+30993608+10302868 249654298+3556423568 =0. 29 times Square=2908395181+454290404+57334928+140936267397135963+2279693991 =0. 56 times Renata=697190633+1628151487270665 =1. 17 times Ambee=7864230+9614002395026+0+7864230 =0. 86 times Industry Average=0. 72 times PROFITIBILITY RATIO: Profitability is the net result of a number of policies and decisions. Profitability ratios show the combined effects of liquidity, asset management and debt on operating results. There are four important profitability ratios that we are going to analyze: 1. Profit Margin on sales 2. Basic Earning power (BEP) 3. Return on Asset 4. Return on Equity 1. Profit Margin on Sales: Profit Margin on Sales gives us the net profit that the business is earning per dollar of sales. The equation is as follows: Profit margin on Sales = Net income available to the stockholders / Sales Beximco=5453412734010167059 =13. 6 % Square=13818630938257843739 =16. 7 % Renata=4331458043089746417 =14 % Ambee=6347155240726296 =2. 64% Industry Average=11. 735% 2. Basic Earning Power (BEP): The ratio indicates the ability of the firm’s assets to generate operating income. The equation is as follows: Basic Earning Power = EBIT / Total Assets Beximco=96377530814819665441 =6. 5 % Square=290839518112703127420 =22. 9 % Renata=6971906333162232934 =22 % Ambee=786423057274033 =13. 3% Industry Average=16. 28% 3. Return on Total Assets (ROA): Return of total asset measures the amount of Net Income earned by utilizing each dollar of Total Assets. The equation is: Return on Total Assets (ROA) = Net income available to total common shareholders / Total assets Beximco=54534127314819665441 =3. 7 % Square=138186309312703127420 =10. 9 % Renata=4331458043162232934 =13. 7 % Ambee=63471555727 4033 =11. 08% Industry Average=9. 85% 4. Return on Equity (ROE): Return on Equity measures the amount of Net Income earned by utilizing each dollar of Total common equity. It is the most important of the â€Å"Bottom line† ratio. By this, we can find out how much the shareholders are going to get for their shares. The equation is: Return on Equity (ROE) = Net income available to common shareholders / Total common equity Beximco=54534127310450202145 =5. 2% Square=13818630938417040705 =16. 4% Renata=433145804155075461 =2. 79% Ambee=634715546527981 =13. 64% Industry Average=9. 51% MARKET VALUE RATIOS The final group of ratios, the market value ratios relates the firm’s stock price to its earnings, cash flow and book value per share. These ratios give management an indication of what investors think of the company’s past performance and future prospects. In this section, we are going to have a discussion mainly on three types of ratios: 1. Price/Earnings Ratio 2. Price/ Cash flow Ratio 3. Market/ Book Ratio 1. Price/ Earnings ratio: The Price/ Earnings ratio (price-to-earnings ratio) of a stock is a measure of the price paid for a share relative to the income or profit earned by the firm per share. P/E ratio = Price per share / earnings per share Beximco=104. 33 =2. 309 times Square=100114. 47 =0. 87 times Renata=100374. 44 =0. 267 times Ambee=103. 17 =3. 15 times Industry Average=1. 65 times 2. Price/ Cash Flow ratio: This ratio indicates the amount investors will pay for Tk. 1 of cash flow. The equation for this ratio is shown below: Price/ Cash flow ratio = Price per share/Cash flow per share Beximco=10(545341+147183829)/1045020214 =70. 73 times Square=100(1381863093+652561599)/18170407 =1. 11 times Renata=100(433145804+16281514)/1156787 =3. 88 times Ambee= 10(6347155+57274033)/46527981 =7. 31 times Industry Average=20. 6 times 3. Market/ Book ratio: The ratio of stock’s market price to its book value. The Equation is: Market/Book ratio (M/B) = Market price per share / Book value per share Beximco=167. 7104502021451045020214 =16. 77 times Square=3151. 258417040705/18170407 =6. 80 times Renata=7789. 75115678700/1156787 =77. 89 times Ambee=12910 =12. 9 times Industry Average=28. 59 times OVERALL FINANCIAL SUMMARY After analyzing all the ratios, we have found out the following information: 1. Liquidity Ratios: In the liquidity ratio we can see that both current atio and quick ratio is good in average for Square comparing with the industry average. Renata’s current ratio is quite well, but it seems that the company has too much inventories, so, the quick ratio got lower. 2. Asset Management Ratios: for the asset management ratios, we can see that for the first two, Square is in a good shape. But for the asset turnover ratios, Ambee plays a good role. Meaning that Square is good in turning its current assets to liquidity, and Ambee is good at moving its long term assets to liquidity. 3. Debt Management Ratios: in Debt management ratio analysis, we can see that for debt ratio and TIE ratio, both Beximco is in a good shape on an average. Bot for the EBITDA Coverage ratio, Renata does the best. But, as a whole, we can say that Beximco is quite good in managing its debt. 4. Profitability Ratios: for the profitability ratios, we can see that square is very good at both Profit margin on sales, and BEP ratios. At ROA, Square is okay, but Renata and Ambee are very good. Again for ROE, Square is extra ordinarily good. So, we can say that Squrae is very good at managing and earning profit. 5. Market Value Ratios: here we see that for the first two analyses, Beximco’s market value is higher, but for the last one, renata’s valu is higher, but Beximco’s was okay. So, we can say that in terms of market value, Beximco is good on average. From the total analysis, we can summarize that Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd and Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd have been doing pretty good throughout the years. It is true that for some cases both the companies are in an okay shape, but it is still pretty much satisfactory. Therefore, we can conclude that both Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd and Beximco Pharmaceuticals Ltd are good enough company to invest on.

State Farm Advertising Analysis Essays

State Farm Advertising Analysis Essays State Farm Advertising Analysis Paper State Farm Advertising Analysis Paper Today, advertising is as much a part of our lives as breathing. Whether we’re driving, listening to the radio, or watching T. V we are constantly being bombarded by thousands of companies telling us why we should buy their products or services. Some advertisements prove to be effective, while others can be easily dismissed. One very popular industry in advertisement is auto insurance. Every year companies like Geico, State Farm, and All State invest millions of dollars, hoping to convince audiences that their service is better than their competitors. Because auto insurance is a requirement for every single individual who owns a vehicle it is a very competitive market where various ad campaigns can be found. State Farm stands out amongst these companies with their creative incorporations of Aristotles rhetorical techniques to capture their audience and deliver their message of reliable service. Among the many ad campaigns created by the company one of the most memorable is their â€Å"magic jingle† campaign. The commercials feature customers in various inconvenient scenarios where an insurance agent may be needed. The customers then proceed to sing the â€Å"magic jingle† (like a good neighbor State Farm is there†¦) and an insurance agent will magically appear to help resolve their issue, along with other ridiculous requests. While the granting of these ridiculous requests make the ads humorous; therefore, memorable, they emphasize what the company feels is their advantage over their competitors: immediate and excellent service. In one of these commercials, two young men are sitting in their car in what appears to be the middle of nowhere, eating burgers when they are suddenly attacked by a herd of buffalo. In desperation, the passenger asks his friend to do the jingle and after doing so an agent appears in the car and proceeds to say: â€Å"like a good neighbor State Farm is there†¦In my office! † Immediately the three men are zapped into the man’s office and there are sighs of relief. The ad is directed towards young men, a clever move, because young men are often the ones who find themselves in desperate situations while driving. The immediate response from singing the jingle which made the agent appear followed by his immediate action to lead the young men to safety emphasizes State Farm’s motto of immediate and excellent service. The humor used in delivering this message introduces the use of pathos, or emotion, which help in making it memorable. Pathos is also reinforced with the sighs of relief released by the young men; emphasizing the fact that with State Farm’s reliability you can count on being stress free. The concept of ethos, or image is also present in the commercial with the professional attire on the agent as well as the professional setting when they are zapped into his office. The well put together, professional setting, with employees to match increases the companys credibility. While the scenario is unlikely and there are clear fictional aspects to the commercial, the use of pathos in the humor and relief makes it very memorable and the point is very clearly put across: if you ever find yourself in a desperate situation, you can count on your State Farm agent to get it resolved. Another â€Å"magic jingle† commercial that helps emphasize the company’s great service features a young woman, along with two of her friends who finds the side of her car completely scratched. Unlike the instance with the buffalo, the woman remains completely calm and recites the magic jingle. An agent suddenly appears and once her friends see that reciting the jingle can make anything appear, they too recite it and make the perfect man appear on top of the car. As in the previous example, the commercial emphasizes State Farm’s reliability. This time however, there is no desperation because the young woman is so certain that her agent will get things resolved. Just like the previous commercial, the ad uses pathos to convince their audience, assuring them that State Farm will allow them to be stress free. The granting of the friends wishes for the perfect man helps to reinforce the aspect of great service because it represents the company’s ability to go above and beyond for their customers. Again, pathos is presented through humor, making the ad memorable and reinforcing the company’s point: when you have State Farm there is no need for desperation because they have you covered. Ethos is also once again reinforced through the agents professional attire, creating an ethical image for the company. The next memorable ad in the campaign takes a different twist, because rather than promoting auto insurance, it promotes home insurance. In this scenario, a group of young men are sitting at home when a baseball suddenly breaks through the homeowner’s window. As his friends begin to freak out, the homeowner maintains the same relaxed attitude as the female from the previous example and recites the magic jingle. Seeing his friends in shock as an agent magically appears he encourages them to recite the jingle and make a request, which they follow by asking for a sandwich, a pretty girl, and a hot tub. Once again, pathos is used with the ridiculous requests show the company’s willingness to go above and beyond for their customers. The owner’s relaxed attitude show’s that State Farm customers are at ease because they know they can trust their agent to get things done. This ad also helps to show that the company has various types of insurance to offer and that they are all as reliable as their auto insurance. Overall, State Farm’s magic jingle campaign is successful because not only do its use of humor and repetitive use of the jingle make it memorable, but they also find clever ways to remind viewers of the company’s reliability. This successfully incorporates the use of pathos, making it easy to convince viewers that if they join the company they will feel just as relaxed as the people in their commercial. They also touch upon ethos with the presentation of their agents who are always in professional attire. This reminds viewers that despite the goofy nature of their advertisements they are still a serious and professional company. The campaign also successfully incorporates the various services the company has to offer and the fact that they are just as reliable and professional as the auto insurance.

37 Cool Science Experiments for Kids to Do at Home

37 Cool Science Experiments for Kids to Do at Home SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you looking for cool science experiments for kids at home or for class? We’ve got you covered! We’ve compiled a list of 37 of the best science experiments for kids that cover areas of science ranging from outer space to dinosaurs to chemical reactions. By doing these easy science experiments, kids will make their own blubber and see how polar bears stay warm, make a rain cloud in a jar to observe how weather changes, create a potato battery that’ll really power a lightbulb, and more. Below are 37 of the best science projects for kids to try. For each one we include a description of the experiment, which area(s) of science it teaches kids about, how difficult it is (easy/medium/hard), how messy it is (low/medium/high), and the materials you need to do the project. Note that experiments labelled â€Å"hard† are definitely still doable; they just require more materials or time than most of these other science experiments for kids. #1: Insect Hotels Teaches Kids About: Zoology Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Medium Insect hotels can be as simple (just a few sticks wrapped in a bundle) or as elaborate as you’d like, and they’re a great way for kids to get creative making the hotel and then get rewarded by seeing who has moved into the home they built. After creating a hotel with hiding places for bugs, place it outside (near a garden is often a good spot), wait a few days, then check it to see who has occupied the â€Å"rooms.† You can also use a bug ID book or app to try and identify the visitors. Materials Needed Shadow box or other box with multiple compartments Hot glue gun with glue Sticks, bark, small rocks, dried leaves, bits of yarn/wool, etc. #2: DIY Lava Lamp Teaches Kids About: Chemical reactions Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Medium In this quick and fun science experiment, kids will mix water, oil, food coloring, and antacid tablets to create their own (temporary) lava lamp. Oil and water don’t mix easily, and the antacid tablets will cause the oil to form little globules that are dyed by the food coloring. Just add the ingredients together and you’ll end up with a homemade lava lamp! Materials Needed Water Vegetable oil Food coloring Antacid tablets #3: Magnetic Slime Teaches Kids About: Magnets Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: High (The slime is black and will slightly dye your fingers when you play with it, but it washes off easily.) A step up from silly putty and Play-Doh, magnetic slime is fun to play with but also teaches kids about magnets and how they attract and repel each other. Some of the ingredients you aren’t likely to have around the house, but they can all be purchased online. After mixing the ingredients together, you can use the neodymium magnet (regular magnets won’t be strong enough) to make the magnetic slime move without touching it! Materials Needed Liquid starch Adhesive glue Iron oxide powder Neodymium (rare earth) magnet #4: Baking Soda Volcanoes Teaches Kids About: Chemical reactions, earth science Difficulty Level: Easy-medium Messiness Level: High Baking soda volcanoes are one of the classic science projects for kids, and they’re also one of the most popular. It’s hard to top the excitement of a volcano erupting inside your home. This experiment can also be as simple or in-depth as you like. For the eruption, all you need is baking soda and vinegar (dishwashing detergent adds some extra power to the eruption), but you can make the â€Å"volcano† as elaborate and lifelike as you wish. Materials Needed Baking soda Vinegar Dishwashing detergent Water Large mason jar or soda bottle Playdough or aluminum foil to make the â€Å"volcano† Additional items to place around the volcano (optional) Food coloring (optional) #5: Tornado in a Jar Teaches Kids About: Weather Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Low This is one of the quick and easy and science experiments for kids to teach them about weather. It only takes about five minutes and a few materials to set up, but once you have it ready you and your kids can create your own miniature tornado whose vortex you can see and the strength of which you can change depending on how quickly you swirl the jar. Materials Needed Mason jar Water Dish soap Vinegar Glitter (optional) #6: Colored Celery Experiment Teaches Kids About: Plants Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Low This celery science experiment is another classic science experiment that parents and teachers like because it’s easy to do and gives kids a great visual understanding of how transpiration works and how plants get water and nutrients. Just place celery stalks in cups of colored water, wait at least a day, and you’ll see the celery leaves take on the color of the water. This happens because celery stalks (like other plants) contain small capillaries that they use to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. Materials Needed Celery stalks (can also use white flowers or pale-colored cabbage) Glass jars Water Food coloring #7: Rain Cloud in a Jar Teaches Kids About: Weather Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Low This experiment teaches kids about weather and lets them learn how clouds form by making their own rain cloud. This is definitely a science project that requires adult supervision since it uses boiling water as one of the ingredients, but once you pour the water into a glass jar, the experiment is fast and easy, and you’ll be rewarded with a little cloud forming in the jar due to condensation. Materials Needed Glass jar with a lid Boiling water Aerosol hairspray Ice cubes Food coloring (optional) #8: Edible Rock Candy Teaches Kids About: Crystal formation Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Medium It takes about a week for the crystals of this rock candy experiment to form, but once they have you’ll be able to eat the results! After creating a sugar solution, you’ll fill jars with it and dangle strings in them that’ll slowly become covered with the crystals. This experiment involves heating and pouring boiling water, so adult supervision is necessary, once that step is complete, even very young kids will be excited to watch crystals slowly form. Materials Needed Glass jars Water Sugar Large saucepan Clothespins String or small skewers Food coloring (optional) Candy flavoring (optional) #9: Water Xylophone Teaches Kids About: Sound waves Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Low With just some basic materials you can create your own musical instrument to teach kids about sound waves. In this water xylophone experiment, you’ll fill glass jars with varying levels of water. Once they’re all lined up, kids can hit the sides with wooden sticks and see how the itch differs depending on how much water is in the jar (more water=lower pitch, less water=higher pitch). This is because sound waves travel differently depending on how full the jars are with water. Materials Needed Glass jars Water Wooden sticks/skewers Food coloring #10: Blood Model in a Jar Teaches Kids About: Human biology Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Medium This blood model experiment is a great way to get kids to visual what their blood looks like and how complicated it really is. Each ingredient represents a different component of blood (plasma, platelets, red blood cells, etc.), so you just add a certain amount of each to the jar, swirl it around a bit, and you have a model of what your blood looks like. Materials Needed Empty jar or bottle Corn syrup Red cinnamon candies Marshmallows or dry white lima beans White sprinkles #: Potato Battery Teaches Kids About: Electricity Difficulty Level: Hard Messiness Level: Low Did you know that a simple potato can produce enough energy to keep a light bulb lit for over a month? You can create a simple potato battery to show kids. There are kits that provide all the necessary materials and how to set it up, but if you don’t purchase one of these it can be a bit trickier to gather everything you need and assemble it correctly. Once it’s set though, you’ll have your own farm grown battery! Materials Needed Fresh potato Two wires Galvanized nail Copper coin Lightbulb #12: Homemade Pulley Teaches Kids About: Simple machines Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Low This science activity requires some materials you may not already have, but once you’ve gotten them, the homemade pulley takes only a few minutes to set up, and you can leave the pulley up for your kids to play with all year round. This pulley is best set up outside, but can also be done indoors. Materials Needed Clothesline 2 clothesline pulleys Bucket #13: Light Refraction Teaches Kids About: Light Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Low This light refraction experiment takes only a few minutes to set up and uses basic materials, but it’s a great way to show kids how light travels. You’ll draw two arrows on a sticky note, stick it to the wall, then fill a clear water bottle with water. As you move the water bottle in front of the arrows, the arrows will appear to change the direction they’re pointing. This is because of the refraction that occurs when light passes through materials like water and plastic. Materials Needed Sticky note Marker Transparent water bottle Water #14: Nature Journaling Teaches Kids About: Ecology, scientific observation Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Low A nature journal is a great way to encourage kids to be creative and really pay attention to what’s going on around them. All you need is a blank journal (you can buy one or make your own) along with something to write with. Then just go outside and encourage your children to write or draw what they notice. This could include descriptions of animals they see, tracings of leaves, a drawing of a beautiful flower, etc. Encourage your kids to ask questions about what they observe (Why do birds need to build nests? Why is this flower so brightly colored?) and explain to them that scientists collect research by doing exactly what they’re doing now. Materials Needed Blank journal or notebook Pens/pencils/crayons/markers Tape or glue for adding items to the journal #15: DIY Solar Oven Teaches Kids About: Solar energy Difficulty Level: Hard Messiness Level: Medium This homemade solar oven definitely requires some adult help to set up, but after it’s ready you’ll have your own mini oven that uses energy from the sun to make s’mores or melt cheese on pizza. While the food is cooking, you can explain to kids how the oven uses the sun’s rays to heat the food. Materials Needed Pizza box Aluminum foil Knife or box cutter Permanent marker Ruler Glue Plastic cling wrap Black construction paper Tape #16: Animal Blubber Simulation Teaches Kids About: Ecology, zoology Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Medium If your kids are curious about how animals like polar bears and seals stay warm in polar climates, you can go beyond just explaining it to them; you can actually have them make some of their own blubber and test it out. After you’ve filled up a large bowl with ice water and let it sit for a few minutes to get really cold, have your kids dip a bare hand in and see how many seconds they can last before their hand gets too cold. Next, coat one of their fingers in shortening and repeat the experiment. Your child will notice that, with the shortening acting like a protective layer of blubber, they don’t feel the cold water nearly as much. Materials Needed Bowl of ice water Shortening #17: Static Electricity Butterfly Teaches Kids About: Electricity Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Medium This experiment is a great way for young kids to learn about static electricity, and it’s more fun and visual than just having them rub balloons against their heads. First you’ll create a butterfly, using thick paper (such as cardstock) for the body and tissue paper for the wings. Then, blow up the balloon, have the kids rub it against their head for a few seconds, then move the balloon to just above the butterfly’s wings. The wings will move towards the balloon due to static electricity, and it’ll look like the butterfly is flying. Materials Needed Cardboard Tissue paper Thick paper Pencil Scissors Glue stick/glue Balloon #18: Edible Double Helix Teaches Kids About: Genetics Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Medium If your kids are learning about genetics, you can do this edible double helix craft to show them how DNA is formed, what its different parts are, and what it looks like. The licorice will form the sides or backbone of the DNA and each color of marshmallow will represent one of the four chemical bases. Kids will be able to see that only certain chemical bases pair with each other. Materials Needed 2 pieces of licorice 12 toothpicks Small marshmallows in 4 colors (9 of each color) 5 paperclips Tape #19: Leak-Proof Bag Teaches Kids About: Molecules, plastics Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Low This is an easy experiment that’ll appeal to kids of a variety of ages. Just take a zip-lock bag, fill it about â…” of the way with water, and close the top. Next, poke a few sharp objects (like bamboo skewers or sharp pencils) through one end and out the other. At this point you may want to dangle the bag above your child’s head, but no need to worry about spills because the bag won’t leak? Why not? It’s because the plastic used to make zip-lock bags is made of polymers, or long chains of molecules that’ll quickly join back together when they’re forced apart. Materials Needed Zip-lock bags Water Objects with sharp ends (pencils, bamboo skewers, etc.) #20: How Do Leaves Breathe? Teaches Kids About: Plant science Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Low It takes a few hours to see the results of this leaf experiment, but it couldn’t be easier to set up, and kids will love to see a leaf actually â€Å"breathing.† Just get a large-ish leaf, place it in a bowl (glass works best so you can see everything) filled with water, place a small rock on the leaf to weigh it down, and leave it somewhere sunny. Come back in a few hours and you’ll see little bubbles in the water created when the leaf releases the oxygen it created during photosynthesis. Materials Needed Large leaf Large bowl (preferably glass) Small rock Magnifying glass (optional) #21: Popsicle Stick Catapults Teaches Kids About: Simple machines Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Low Kids will love shooting pom poms out of these homemade popsicle stick catapults. After assembling the catapults out of popsicle sticks, rubber bands, and plastic spoons, they’re ready to launch pom poms or other lightweight objects. To teach kids about simple machines, you can ask them about how they think the catapults work, what they should do to make the pom poms go a farther/shorter distance, and how the catapult could be made more powerful. Materials Needed Popsicle sticks Rubber bands Plastic spoons Pom poms Paint (optional) #22: Elephant Toothpaste Teaches Kids About: Chemical reactions Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: High You won’t want to do this experiment near anything that’s difficult to clean (outside may be best), but kids will love seeing this â€Å"elephant toothpaste† crazily overflowing the bottle and oozing everywhere. Pour the hydrogen peroxide, food coloring, and dishwashing soap into the bottle, and in the cup mix the yeast packet with some warm water for about 30 seconds. Then, add the yeast mixture to the bottle, stand back, and watch the solution become a massive foamy mixture that pours out of the bottle! The â€Å"toothpaste† is formed when the yeast removed the oxygen bubbles from the hydrogen peroxide which created foam. This is an exothermic reaction, and it creates heat as well as foam (you can have kids notice that the bottle became warm as the reaction occurred). Materials Needed Clean 16-oz soda bottle 6% solution of hydrogen peroxide 1 packet of dry yeast Water Dishwashing soap Food coloring (optional) Small cup #23: How Do Penguins Stay Dry? Teaches Kids About: Zoology Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Medium Penguins, and many other birds, have special oil-producing glands that coat their feathers with a protective layer that causes water to slide right off them, keeping them warm and dry. You can demonstrate this to kids with this penguin craft by having them color a picture of a penguin with crayons, then spraying the picture with water. The wax from the crayons will have created a protective layer like the oil actual birds coat themselves with, and the paper won’t absorb the water. Materials Needed Penguin image (included in link) Crayons Spray bottle Water Blue food coloring (optional) #24: Rock Weathering Experiment Teaches Kids About: Geology Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Low This mechanical weathering experiment teaches kids why and how rocks break down or erode. Take two pieces of clay, form them into balls, and wrap them in plastic wrap. Then, leave one out while placing the other in the freezer overnight. The next day, unwrap and compare them. You can repeat freezing the one piece of clay every night for several days to see how much more cracked and weathered it gets than the piece of clay that wasn’t frozen. It may even begin to crumble. This weathering also happens to rocks when they are subjected to extreme temperatures, and it’s one of the causes of erosion. Materials Needed Clay Plastic wrap Freezer #25: Saltwater Density Teaches Kids About: Water density Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Medium For this saltwater density experiment, you’ll fill four clear glasses with water, then add salt to one glass, sugar to one glass, and baking soda to one glass, leaving one glass with just water. Then, float small plastic pieces or grapes in each of the glasses and observe whether they float or not. Saltwater is denser than freshwater, which means some objects may float in saltwater that would sink in freshwater. You can use this experiment to teach kids about the ocean and other bodies of saltwater, such as the Dead Sea, which is so salty people can easily float on top of it. Materials Needed Four clear glasses Water Salt Sugar Baking soda Lightweight plastic objects or small grapes #26: Starburst Rock Cycle Teaches Kids About: Geology Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Medium With just a package of Starbursts and a few other materials, you can create models of each of the three rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Sedimentary â€Å"rocks† will be created by pressing thin layers of Starbursts together, metamorphic by heating and pressing Starbursts, and igneous by applying high levels of heat to the Starbursts. Kids will learn how different types of rocks are forms and how the three rock types look different from each other. Materials Needed Starbursts Aluminum foil Wax paper Toaster oven Towel Oven mitts #27: Inertia Wagon Experiment Teaches Kids About: Inertia Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Low This simple experiment teaches kids about inertia (as well as the importance of seatbelts!). Take a small wagon, fill it with a tall stack of books, then have one of your children pull it around then stop abruptly. They won’t be able to suddenly stop the wagon without the stack of books falling. You can have the kids predict which direction they think the books will fall and explain that this happens because of inertia, or Newton’s first law. Materials Needed Wagon Stack of books #28: Dinosaur Tracks Teaches Kids About: Paleontology Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Medium How are some dinosaur tracks still visible millions of years later? By mixing together several ingredients, you’ll get a claylike mixture you can press your hands/feet or dinosaur models into to make dinosaur track imprints. The mixture will harden and the imprints will remain, showing kids how dinosaur (and early human) tracks can stay in rock for such a long period of time. Materials Needed Used coffee grounds Coffee Flour Salt Wax paper Bowl Wooden spoon Rolling pin #29: Sidewalk Constellations Teaches Kids About: Astronomy Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Medium If you do this sidewalk constellation craft, you’ll be able to see the Big Dipper and Orion’s Belt in the daylight. On the sidewalk, have kids draw the lines of constellations (using constellation diagrams for guidance) and place stones where the stars are. You can then look at astronomy charts to see where the constellations they drew will be in the sky. Materials Needed Sidewalk chalk Small stones Diagrams of constellations #30: Lung Model Teaches Kids About: Human biology Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Low By building a lung model, you can teach kids about respiration and how their lungs work. After cutting off the bottom of a plastic bottle, you’ll stretch a balloon around the opened end and insert another balloon through the mouth of the bottle. You’ll then push a straw through the neck of the bottle and secure it with a rubber band and play dough. By blowing into the straw, the balloons will inflate then deflate, similar to how our lungs work. Materials Needed Plastic bottle Straw Rubber band Scissors 2 balloons Play dough #31: Homemade Dinosaur Bones Teaches Kids About: Paleontology Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Medium By mixing just flour, salt, and water, you’ll create a basic salt dough that’ll harden when baked. You can use this dough to make homemade dinosaur bones and teach kids about paleontology. You can use books or diagrams to learn how different dinosaur bones were shaped, and you can even bury the bones in a sandpit or something similar and then excavate them the way real paleontologists do. Materials Needed Flour Salt Water Images of dinosaur bones Oven #32: Clay and Toothpick Molecules Teaches Kids About: Human biology Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Medium There are many variations on homemade molecule science crafts. This one uses clay and toothpicks, although gumdrops or even small pieces of fruit like grapes can be used in place of clay. Roll the clay into balls and use molecule diagrams to attach the clay to toothpicks in the shape of the molecules. Kids can make numerous types of molecules and learn how atoms bond together to form molecules. Materials Needed Clay or gumdrops (in four colors) Toothpicks Diagrams of molecules #33: Articulated Hand Model Teaches Kids About: Human biology Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Low By creating an articulated hand model, you can teach kids about bones, joints, and how our hands are able to move in many ways and accomplish so many different tasks. After creating a hand out of thin foam, kids will cut straws to represent the different bones in the hand and glue them to the fingers of the hand models. You’ll then thread yarn (which represents tendons) through the straws, stabilize the model with a chopstick or other small stick, and end up with a hand model that moves and bends the way actual human hands do. Materials Needed Craft foam Straws (paper work best) Tape Beads Twine or yarn Scissors Chopsticks Pen #34: Solar Energy Experiment Teaches Kids About: Solar energy, light rays Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Medium This solar energy science experiment will teach kids about solar energy and how different colors absorb different amounts of energy. In a sunny spot outside, place six colored pieces of paper next to each other, and place an ice cube in the middle of each paper. Then, observe how quickly each of the ice cubes melt. The ice cube on the black piece of paper will melt fastest since black absorbs the most light (all the light ray colors), while the ice cube on the white paper will melt slowest since white absorbs the least light (it instead reflects light). You can then explain why certain colors look the way they do. (Colors besides black and white absorb all light except for the one ray color they reflect; this is the color they appear to us.) Materials Needed Ice cubes 6 squares of differently colored paper/cardstock (must include black paper and white paper) #35: How to Make Lightning Teaches Kids About: Electricity, weather Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Low You don’t need a storm to see lightning; you can actually create your own lightning at home. For younger kids this experiment requires adult help and supervision. You’ll stick a thumbtack through the bottom of an aluminum tray, then stick the pencil eraser to the pushpin. You’ll then rub the piece of wool over the aluminum tray, and then set the tray on the Styrofoam, where it’ll create a small spark/tiny bolt of lightning! Materials Needed Pencil with eraser Glue Aluminum tray or pie tin Wool cloth Styrofoam tray Thumbtack #36: Tie-Dyed Milk Teaches Kids About: Surface tension Difficulty Level: Easy Messiness Level: Medium For this magic milk experiment, partly fill a shallow dish with milk, then add a one drop of each food coloring color to different parts of the milk. The food coloring will mostly stay where you placed it. Next, carefully add one drop of dish soap to the middle of the milk. It’ll cause the food coloring to stream through the milk and away from the dish soap. This is because the dish soap breaks up the surface tension of the milk by dissolving the milk’s fat molecules. Materials Needed Shallow dish Milk (high-fat works best) Food coloring Dish soap #37: How Do Stalactites Form? Teaches Kids About: Geology Difficulty Level: Medium Messiness Level: Medium Have you ever gone into a cave and seen huge stalactites hanging from the top of the cave? Stalactites are formed by dripping water. The water is filled with particles which slowly accumulate and harden over the years, forming stalactites. You can recreate that process with this stalactite experiment. By mixing a baking soda solution, dipping a piece of wool yarn in the jar and running it to another jar, you’ll be able to observe baking soda particles forming and hardening along the yarn, similar to how stalactites grow. Materials Needed Baking soda Safety pins 2 glass jars Wool yarn Water Summary: Cool Science Experiments for Kids Any one of these simple science experiments for kids can get children learning and excited about science. You can choose a science experiment based on your child’s specific interest or what they’re currently learning about, or you can do an experiment on an entirely new topic to expand their learning and teach them about a new area of science. From easy science experiments for kids to the more challenging ones, these will all help kids have fun and learn more about science. What's Next? Are you also interested in pipe cleaner crafts for kids? We have a guide to some of the best pipe cleaner crafts to try! Looking for multiple different slime recipes? We tell you how to make slimes without borax and without glue as well as how to craft the ultimate super slime. Want to learn more about clouds? Learn how to identify every cloud in the sky with our guide to the 10 types of clouds. Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius? We've got you covered! Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit (or vice versa).

Foreseeability. Negligence and Tort Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Foreseeability. Negligence and Tort - Assignment Example The essence of existence of specific relationship between parties to establish negligence claims is based on the logic that such a claim can only arise in acts and omissions relating to these elements (Cooke, 2005, p. 12). Normally, it is assumed that such claims can be levelled against a third party because such party is liable for acts or omissions that led to harm, injury, or loss. However, in some circumstances, an individual may be in specific relationship with a third party and have a duty to control the conduct of the third party so as to prevent harm, injury, or loss to the claimant (Kidner, 2006, p.25). Control over the third party includes but not limited to the following: parent and child, car owner and a drunken or incompetent driver, mental hospital and patient, parent and child, and gaoler and prisoner. The need for control over a third party is informed by the position taken by Lord Goff in Smith v Littlewoods [1987] 1 All ER 710 at 731 when analyzing the rule of mere- omissions and making considerations for the exceptions to this rule. Lord Goff argued that there are some circumstances where the courts have established affirmative action duties. One of these circumstances is that the defendant has control over a third party who has caused damage to the claimant. Control over a third party is an affirmative action that has been given rise by a number of relationships. Examples of these relationships are parent and child and employer and employee, where the defendant has an affirmative duty to prevent harm (Kidner, 2006, p. 71). Normally, there should be a chain of causation between the negligence of the defendant and the damage caused to the claimant, as decided in Rouse v Squires [1973] QB 889. In such circumstances, the third party may be held liable for the claimant’s damage. However, where the defendant has control over a third party, or in circumstances where the third party is

Discussion DESIGN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion DESIGN - Assignment Example To do this costume designers conduct a thorough research. Sometimes it is possible to adjust costumes to the à ©poque as it happened with the costume designer of â€Å"The Tudors† who â€Å"tudorized† the costumes adding minor details or changing the style. Costume designers read the script and think of how they can best transmit all information about the characters in the most appropriate way. Since part of the costumes are created for the non-human characters, such as spirits, animals, wizards, costume designers have to transform the existing tissues and styles to make them look less trivial. Costume designers take inspiration everywhere; they can use feathers, plants, shells in clothes in order to reveal special traits of the personages such as ability to fly for example. Moreover, costume designers use folk motives in their costumes to recreate the origin of the characters. Thus in order to make costumes for the â€Å" The Lion King† costume designer used national African tribal outfits and transformed them for the characters. It is necessary to remember that costumes have to allow personages do what they must do on stage: run, jump, fly. The costumes must be easy to wear in case when characters have to change clothes severa l times during performance. Costume designers collaborate with all the team to create a general look of a play or a

The Duke and the Dauphin Essay Example for Free

The Duke and the Dauphin Essay The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, two conmen called the duke and the dauphin (or the king) constantly cause trouble for Huck and Jim. Though many say these two characters weaken the overall plot, they are actually quite important factor in the plot of the story and help move things along. When Huck and Jim first meet the duke and the king, they introduce themselves as an impoverished duke of England and the long lost son of King Louis XVI of France. Of course Huck is smart enough to realize the men were con artists and didn’t believe their silly lies. This is yet another example of Huck’s â€Å"street smarts†, for if someone like Tom Sawyer had met them he would have easily believed the two because it would have been something like the stories he was so fond of. As the group of four travels down the Mississippi River, they come across the funeral of a wealthy man by the name of Richard Wilks. In his will, Wilks left his small fortune to his daughter and two English brothers who were rumored not to arrive. Of course with the real brothers most likely not stopping by and loads of money sitting around, the duke and the dauphin jump on the opportunity and plan their next scheme. Almost anyone would agree that their latest plan was extremely low, even for two con artists. Huck is extremely disgusted with their scam saying â€Å"It was enough to make a body ashamed of the human race† (Twain 159). If the duke and the dauphin been a part of the plot, this scam wouldn’t have happened and as a result the audience wouldn’t see how empathetic and compassionate Huck really is. Through the intensity and seriousness of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a bit of the comic relief is needed and the duke and the king are the perfect pair. Though they may seem to play a pointless part in the book, the conmen are actually important to the plot by giving Huck and Jim a reason for moving from place to place and ultimately to their final destination, but more importantly for bringing out certain characteristics in Huck that the audience may not have seen without the duke and the dauphin.

Indigenous Irrigation Knowledge and Sustainable Development in Asia :: Argumentative Persuasive Papers

Indigenous Irrigation Knowledge and Sustainable Development in Asia David Groenfeldt suggests that village communities need to organize and stabilize their own resources, initially, which will strengthen the development capacity of the village and help to establish an independent institution. Groenfeldt argues that the classic development solution of bringing in and applying new ideas is less efficient in the long run because local indigenous ways are already established and being practiced. The one major point that Groenfeldt makes in his argument for sustainable development is the idea that community involvement from day one needs to be present before the project even has a chance at succeeding. The author writes in order to relay the message that success starts from the bottom up and that developers need to include the communities in the development and design stages of a project so that when the developer leaves the project will sustain itself. In beginning, one needs to know some basic information on the knowledge presented in the article. In particular, Groenfeldt talks about a charitable organization referred to as AKRSP (Aga Khan Rural Support Programme). This organizations purpose is to raise the spirits of communities through productive development. One example of this organization's work, dealt with a community that was struggling with its irrigation canals. This organizations primary concern is not developing a successful irrigation system, but it is to expand and build up the knowledge of the community. If the community knows more about the "nuts and bolts" of the situation than the community can develop plans to improve their irrigation system. These plans will be overseen by a trained government or Non-Governmental Official, but the framework and the structure of the system will be developed in such a way that the people will be efficiently running the program on their own. In addition, these projects will be chosen from the community’s top priorities instead of from the priorities of outside officials. This system will again aid in sustainability because the people will be excited and encouraged from the beginning. Groenfeldt develops a three-step plan of the AKRSP approach. The first point that he makes about the AKRSP approach is the idea that the villagers in this community need to come to a collective understanding about what the project will be and how the goal of the project will be accomplished.

Early Childhood Development Management Essay

Early Childhood Development (ECD) is a holistic, integrated, inclusive approach to Programming, research and policy for young children up to 6 years of age and requires a healthy, safe and nurturing environment that includes opportunities to support the emotional, social, physical, cognitive, and spiritual aspects of children within the context of their community. It welcomes their participation and empowers them as a basis for their future. (â€Å"National Economic Development and Law Center†). Today’s early childhood educators face management and strategic challenges in an increasingly turbulent environment; rapid growth demands increased managerial proficiency. In order to meet these critical challenges, agency leaders must develop entrepreneurial competencies and a firm understanding of core management theories and principles. At times, even the most successful organizations need to redefine business goals and create innovative strategies to excel at a new level. This paper will address the key issues of financial management in an ECD center. Financial management of a school entails School financial analysis and reports, finance policy and procedures, finance resources, school funding, High Yield Investment Accounts, worksheets, taxation and schools education and training funding. (Grossman and Keyes, 231). Finance resources and school funding From National Economic Development and Law Center For the market feasibility analysis for income generation, the financial administrator need to assess what works most effectively for a particular area and the families being targeted. An advertising budget is Set-aside with determination on how to get the most out. A strong market feasibility analysis for a facility development project would prove that there are enough resources. According to (name of first ECD center) there is market demand for child care at rates sufficient to generate revenues to cover not only operating expenses, but also debt service on any loans incurred to develop the facility. Financial feasibility analysis assesses key areas concern with the day care; mainly the number of other child care programs (both center and family based) that already exist in the community; The number of child care spaces already provided in the area; The vacancy rate of other programs in the area; The average cost of care got by contacting and visiting existing providers to find out about their vacancy rates and the kinds of services they offer; The length of current waiting lists that other market-area child care programs currently have; (For existing programs) the length of the business’ waiting list; Age groups that are being served (infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-age, or a Combination) or that are NOT being served by other programs; Locations of existing child care businesses in your vicinity; The services your proposed business or expansion can provide that other child care providers are not offering, and Types of services offered by existing child care busine sses. (Name of the second center) School financial analysis and reports The administrator describes how the funds being requested will be used. These expenditures should also demonstrate that the center is a good investment, and it shows that the business is financially sound and well managed. The financial analysis section contains four components: Firstly the Summary of financial needs that briefly describes why funding is needed, the type of funding required, total amount needed, and how the funds will be used. Secondly is the A well-prepared development budget showing that the costs involved have been carefully considered including both the line item costs and the known or anticipated sources of funding. Thirdly is financial projections which are financial statements used to predict the future profitability of a business. Projections should be based on realistic research and reasonable assumptions. They include cash flow projections; income (incoming money from parent fees, vouchers, state subsidies, etc. ), and expense projections (health care, tuition or anticipated). Lastly, It is necessary to include financial statements that reflect the businesses past financial activities, a statement of financial position, and a cash flow statement. Previous financial statements or projected statements. (Brealey et al, 1996) Conclusion From Children research, ECD centers ought to be warm nurturing learning environment with trained caring staff, nutritious meals, in a central location of a community having a large safe outdoor play area. These are key areas that a financial administrator should ensure maximum financial support is given as the backbone to the center. (â€Å"Early Childhood Educational Issues†). References: Grossman B, Keyes C Early Childhood Administration, Michigan: Allyn and Bacon National Economic Development and Law Center (2003) Child Care Center Financial Planning and Facilities Development Manual 22nd April 2008 Brealey, Richard A. and Myers, Stewart C, Principles of Corporate Finance, New York: McGraw-Hill, (1996). â€Å"Early Childhood Educational Issues. † National Association for the Education of the Young Children. 22nd April 2008 . (Name of first ECD center). Personal interview. 22nd April 2008. (Name of the second center). Personal interview. 22nd April 2008.

Conceal to Open Carry

When it comes to the right to openly carry, many feel it's the right thing to pass the OCW law In Wisconsin for a law abiding citizen to rightfully carry a conceal weapon. A normal citizen would feel threatened if he or she encounters a individual who is legally carrying a firearm in public. And a convicted felon or an citizen who does not possess a permit to carry might feel threatened by a citizen who carries his flamer legally when he or she encounters that individual and might pose a threat to that individual or himself to protect their self.With the recent uprising in violent crime this year due to the recent drop of the economy, Wisconsin should not have a Concealed Carry Law as it would increase the already too many guns that are on the street and increase the odds of more gun violence. This issue of open carry a concealed weapon Is becoming an alarming topic In Wisconsin and In Illinois; which feel that allowing this law will help in the decrease of violent crime.However, wit h the recent reports of the top ten cities which have the lowest poverty rate shows that they have a steady rate In violent crime. ND the robbery rate Is astounding. The threat of the latest release of the major cities that is experiencing a drastic drop of poverty are experiencing a rise of robberies and a steady pace of gun violence: with the fact that Milwaukee, WI are noticing a rise in violent crime in 2010, hence the crime rate was at its lowest in five years in 2009[1].The recent uprising of robberies and homicides In Milwaukee are making red flags go offer Legislatures to try to constitute on what can be done so that this recent rise does not continue. In addition, with the big issue of straw buying and open gun shows that with the right to be able o purchase firearms without having to go through any background checks give the right for many illegal firearms to purchase and used in violent crimes. Even though the rate of violent crime in many of the major cities are declinin g with a great rate; the rise of homicides and shootings are rising.In cities such as Detroit. Philadelphia, the State of Ohio and SST. Louis are noticing a rise in gun shootings; which do authorize the right to conceal carrying a firearm (â€Å"Concealed Carry† Laws and Homicide Rates). The legislature of gun laws feel that the right to conceal carry can help eliminate Eileen crime and most states shows a decline In violent crime that firearms are used; but for the major cities that actually permits open carry are still having their share of increase in violent crime.Since 1999 when the US experienced a 30-year low in violent crime, most of these major cities have experienced a dramatic Increase In gun violence. Missouri permitted concealed carrying beginning in September 2003. Since then the murder rate in Missouri has gone up 8. 8% while the rate of rape has risen DAY 14 [2] http://city. Milwaukee. Gob/Deliberativeness/201 October/Policemen)-Reports-11- Straight-Quarter. H TML

elite african americans essays

elite african americans essays During the Reconstruction period, congress sent to the states three important new amendments the Constitution. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, while the Fourteenth Amendment made black citizens, equal to their white counterparts. The fifteenth Amendment states that no citizens could be stopped from voting because of their race or color. There were high spirits and vision of progress among blacks in America. These feelings of joy and happiness lasted shortly when laws were passed that provided for the segregation of southern society into two parts. One for the whites and the other for the blacks. Among the chaos and confusion arisen two black elites in Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois. Although both approached the way to deal with oppression and assimilation differently, both enjoyed success in being respected and admired leaders who brought their people one step closer to really becoming free. With the support of Northern missionary societies and a few Southern state governments, they expanded the network of black colleges and institutions into an important educational system Booker T. Washington, born into slavery had worked his own way out of poverty by acquiring an education. He as the founder and president of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Once established, he urged other blacks to follow the same road to self-improvement. Washington urged blacks to attend school, learn skills, and establish a strong footing in agriculture and trade. Blacks should refine their speech, improve their dress, and adopt habits of personal hygiene and cleanliness. Only when blacks do all these things will they win the respect of the white citizens. In a famous speech in Georgia in 1895, Washington outlined a philosophy of race relations that became known as the Atlanta Compromise. Washington stated the agitation of questions of racial equality is the extreme folly (Norton 614). He envisioned a society...

The Wives of Anthony the Great

The Wives of Anthony the Great Mark Antony was a womanizer and it could be said that his decisions were made by his wife, which was considered improper behavior at the time. The Roman emperors Claudius and Nero ran into trouble later for similar reasons, so although Antonys third wife Fulvia had what may have been good ideas, Antony was frowned upon for following them. Antonys debauched lifestyle was expensive, and so by an early age, he had accumulated tremendous debt. It is possible that all his marriages were carefully conceived to provide money or political advantage, as Eleanor G. Huzar argues in Mark Antony: Marriages vs. Careers, from The Classical Journal. The following information comes from her article. Fadia The first possible wife of Antony was Fadia, the daughter of a rich freedman named Quintus Faius Gallus. This marriage is attested in Ciceros Philippics and letter 16 to Atticus. However, it is an implausible marriage because Antony was a member of the Plebeian nobility. His mother was a 3d cousin of Caesar. The marriage may have been arranged to help with Antonys 250 talent debt. Cicero says Fadia and children were all dead by at least 44 B.C. If he actually married her, Antony probably divorced her.​ Children: Unknown Antonia In his late 20s, Antony married his cousin Antonia, a proper wife, to help his career. She bore him a daughter and they remained married for about 8 years. He divorced her in 47 B.C. on a charge of adultery with Publius Cornelius Dolabella, husband of Ciceros daughter Tullia. Children: Daughter, Antonia. Fulvia In 47 or 46 B.C., Antony married Fulvia. She had already been married to 2 of Antonys friends, Publius Clodius and Gaius Scribonius Curio. Cicero said she was the driving force behind Antonys decisions. She bore him two sons. Fulvia was active in political machinations and although Antony denied knowledge of it, Fulvia and Antonys brother mutinied against Octavian (the Perusine War). She then fled to Greece where Antony met her. When she died shortly thereafter in 40 B.C. he blamed himself. Children: Sons, Marcus Antonius Antyllus and Iullus Antonius. Octavia Part of the reconciliation between Antony and Octavian (following the mutiny) was the marriage between Antony and Octavians sister Octavia. They married in 40 B.C. and Octavia bore their first child the following year. She acted as peacemaker between Octavian and Antony, trying to persuade each to accommodate the other. When Antony went east to fight the Parthians, Octavia moved to Rome where she looked after Antonys brood (and continued to do so even after divorce). They remained married for five more years during which time they never saw each other again. Antony divorced Octavia in 32 B.C. when the confrontation that was to be the Battle of Actium seemed unavoidable. Children: Daughters, Antonia Major and Minor. Cleopatra Antonys last wife was Cleopatra. He acknowledged it and their children in 36 B.C. It was a marriage that was to be unrecognized at Rome. Huzar argues that Antony made the marriage in order to utilize Egyptian resources. Octavian wasnt very forthcoming with the troops Antony needed for his Parthian campaign, so he had to look elsewhere. The marriage ended when Antony committed suicide following the Battle of Actium.​​ Children: Fraternal Twins, Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II; Son, Ptolemy Philadelphus.

Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare Essay

Midsummer Night's Dream by William Shakespeare - Essay Example These plays also have personal education, renewal, and growth; hence one can learn ballot from them. The theme of faithfulness, love and appearance in conjunction with the reality cuts across the three plays. Different elements of these plays In Midsummer night dream, the subject matter is more inclined to acts of cruelty and betrayal. For instance, Lysander falls in love with another person and betrays Hermania; this brings about a fight as everyone is struggling to prove who is in real love. Seduction and persuading one to do what he or she is not intended to do is seen widely in this play, and so is competition. This is unnatural thus representing the dark side of passion. Satyr is usually seen as a form of characterization, in the sense that, they were seen as people who indulged in excessive drinking, immorality and broke traditional rules and taboos. In relating satyr to Midsummer night dream, one may realize that satyr may be classified as a comedy and a tragedy play whereas Midsummer night dream is only a comedy (Shakespeare 1590). The chorus is seen as the amusing effect of the satyr play as it illustrates the relation for the wanton, insolent, saucy and cowardly origin of satyrs. In a certain satiric drama, the costumes and attires were goats’ horns on the head, and they looked like half goats and half men, seen as goat deities of Doric type. Pastoral play is mostly seen as a way of art, nature, and life. This is an attitude linked with a combination of values instead of clear literary conventions.

Poor Communication within a Business Research Paper

Poor Communication within a Business - Research Paper Example Effects of poor communication to a business Ideally, for any business organization to succeed proper and effective communication becomes the backbone of this achievement. The effects of poor communication stream down from the organization’s top management organs to the least level of employees. The miscommunication may overflow to consumers in that the sales team may give minimized attention to the needs of their consumers hence delivering poor service to them. Essentially, the low morale of employees, in house miscommunication, non-content customers, and poor output or performance by staff becomes the product of poor communication. I. Low morale and motivation of employees Negative morale mothers animosity and harshness among staff members if their working environment is not fulfilling. In essence, the improper articulation of organizations goals and objectives to employees by the management translates to decreased morale. Sequentially, the general output by the employee’s decreases because of this inappropriate impact. Additionally, when team members do not have access to adequate information needed in the delegation of their tasks they lack motivation as they feel the need to work extra in order to fulfill their duties (Frater, 2003). Eventually, the working environment created is one characterized by bitter moods that end up spilling to the customer. In this regard, the top management needs to establish proper communication channels between them and their team players to ensure that their customers benefit from their services. A negative cycle may develop in the business, which may attract low sales and dismal performance by the business. Th e personnel become weak in the execution of tasks and implementation of the organization goals. Mainly, the whole idea of going in to a business undertaking is making a profit. Therefore, it will prove unworthy to continue venturing in a nonprofit able venture because of reasons that are preventable. In a counter approach, a business needs to ensure that the morale levels of its staff members are intact for the continued growth of a business. II. In house miscommunication and misinterpretation Subsequently, poor communication within a business setting has the ripple effect of compromising the in house